Instructor Muhammad Akram Contact Number 0332 8555004 Grammar

Instructor : Muhammad Akram Contact Number: 0332 -8555004 Grammar

Introduction � Grammar is the system of a language. � People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. �. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. � What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time.

� Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? The short answer is "no". � Children start to speak before they even know the word "grammar". � Grammar can help in refining the language and expression. � It's important to think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend.

History � The first attempts to study grammar began in about the 4 th cent. B. C. , in India with Panini's grammar of Sanskrit and in Greece with Plato's dialogue Cratylus. � The Greeks and the Romans approached the study of grammar through philosophy. � Early Greek and Latin grammars were devoted primarily to defining the parts of speech. � It was not until the Middle Ages that grammarians became interested in languages other than their own. � The scientific grammatical analysis of language began in the 19 th cent. with the realization that languages have a history.

Etymology �The word grammar derives from Greek grammatikē technē, which means "art of letters", from gramma, "letter", itself from graphein, "to draw, to write"