INSTRUCTOR 2017 John R Fanchi All rights reserved

INSTRUCTOR © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author.

To the Instructor The set of files here are designed to help you prepare lectures for your own course using the text Introduction to Petroleum Engineering, J. R. Fanchi and R. L. Christiansen (Wiley, 2017) File format is kept simple so that you can customize the files with relative ease using your own style. You will need to supplement the files to complete the presentation topics.

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author.

Outline Ø Directional Drilling Technology Ø Applications of Directional Drilling

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

Well Orientation Vertical Well Deviated Well Horizontal Well

Directional Drilling – KOP Ø Kelly Bushing (KB) Elevation Ø Elevation = Ground Level + distance from ground to KB Ø Kick Off Point (KOP) Ø Depth where well starts deviating from vertical

Directional Drilling – Dog Leg Ø Dog Leg (DL) Ø Wellbore deviation measured in angle from vertical per unit of depth Ø e. g. degrees per 100 ft Ø vertical axis = 0°

Directional Drilling – Landing Point Ø Landing Point (LP) Ø Point where wellbore changes from deviated to lateral Ø Assume LP angle at target = 90° (vertical angle = 0°) Ø Underbuilt Ø Building less angle than needed to reach LP Ø Overbuilt Ø Building more angle than needed to reach LP Underbuilt Overbuilt Horizontal Target

Wellbore Trajectories: “J” and “S” Curves Lake KOP “S” curve “J” curve Target

Wellbore Trajectories Horizontal from slant hole Side-tracking from vertical wells Slant hole Short radius “S” curve Stacked Laterals Medium radius “J” curve Long radius Opposing Laterals Source: http: //www. voiceforthewild. org/blm/pubs/Directional. Drilling 1. pdf

Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) Ø Rotational speed of drillstring Ø Smoothness of that rotation Ø Type and severity of downhole vibration Ø Downhole temperature Ø Torque and Weight on Bit Ø Measured near drill bit Ø Mud flow volume Source: http: //www. compass-mwd. com/

APPLICATIONS OF DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

Horizontal Drilling Ø Horizontal Drilling Radius Ø Short radius: 30’ – 60’ and > 20 ° /100’ build Ø Medium: 300’ – 500’ and 8° – 20 ° /100’ build Ø Long: > 500’ and < 8 ° /100’ build angle Ø Considerations Ø Shorter radius = shorter horizontal length Ø Shorter radius = more stresses on pipe Ø Short radius requires special tools

Sidetrack JPT, Sept. 2012, pg. 57 WB = Wellbore C = Completion

Extended Reach Drilling (ca. May 2011) Industry Worldwide ERD envelope, SPE 140318

Odoptu ERD Record (as of May 2012) Ø Odoptu development Ø 9 ERD wells drilled from shore to offshore field Ø Well OP-11 set ERD record Ø 12, 345 m measured depth (MD) Ø 1, 784 m true vertical depth (TVD) Ø Well specs Ø 30 -in conductor driven to approx 90 m depth Ø Casings are 30 -in, 18 5/8 -in, and 13 5/8 in Ø 9 5/8 -in liner Ø 8 1/2 -in hole to TD Ø 5 ½-in tubing to surface Ø Ref. pg. 118 -121, JPT summary of SPE 151046, May 2012

Fishbone Well Pochahontas, West Virginia Coal Gas Fishbone Production Well Change in Gas Saturation after 2 years depletion 20 x 20 Grid Low – Blue High – Red

Pad Drilling in Shale Plan View Well Pad Stimulated Region

QUESTIONS?

SUPPLEMENT