Instructional Frameworks Table of Contents Frameworks Direct Instruction

Instructional Frameworks

Table of Contents • Frameworks • Direct Instruction • Inquiry • Scaffolding • Protection

Learning: The Old Construction Analogy A “complicated” problem (Gawande, 2009)—challenging, but replicable

Learning: A New Organic Analogy A complex problem— not easy to repeat in a way that gets the same results.

Instructional Methods: The Water

Direct Instruction: Water • • Rooted in behaviorism Teacher centered Structured Traditional Focused on basic facts and information Less higher-order thinking opportunities provided Product vs. Process of learning emphasized

Inquiry Learning: Water • • • Rooted in constructivism Student centered Active engagement Personalized Potentially challenging social demands (management) • Time consuming • Process vs. Product of learning emphasized

Scaffolding: Sunshine

Gradual Release of Responsibility: Sunshine Fisher & Frey, 2008, p. 4

Protection: Nurturing Growth • Physiologic • Hunger, clothing, and shelter • Safety • Security • Belongingness • Part of the group • Esteem • Respect • Competence

Summary • Learning is personal. • Students’ learning, not a teacher’s teaching, is the measure of success. • Teachers are responsible for facilitating learning. • Both teacher- and student-centered approaches have a place in instruction, although a blend of both is usually most effective. • Classrooms must feel “safe” for learning to take place.

References Fisher, D. , & Frey, N. (2008). Better learning through structured teaching: A framework for the gradual release of responsibility. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. Gawande, A. (2009). The checklist manifesto: how to get things right. New York: Metropolitan Books