Instream Tidal Energy NW National Marine Renewable Energy

In-stream Tidal Energy: NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center University of Washington http: //depts. washington. edu/nnmrec Jim Thomson Applied Physics Lab and Civil & Environmental Eng. CEE 500 - October 22, 2009 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Approaches to Tidal Energy Barrage Hydrokinetic § Comparable to hydroelectric § Comparable to wind § Very high cost and environmental footprint § Potentially lower cost and environmental footprint Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 001, 04 -23 -09, TID

Hydrokinetic Devices § No dominant design Verdant Power New York, East River 5 m, 33 k. W Clean Current Race Rocks, BC 3. 5 m, ~65 k. W ― Hundreds of concepts ― Dozens of lab tests ― Several field tests § No commercial projects Open Hydro EMEC, UK 6 m, ~150 k. W MCT Strangford, UK 14 x 2 m, 1200 k. W Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 002, 04 -23 -09, TID

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound ~100 -200 avg. MW practically recoverable Race Rocks Demonstration turbine Marrowstone Island Admiralty Inlet Proposed pilot project 10 m diamter, ~500 k. W rated Proposed demonstration array Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 004, 04 -23 -09, TID

Motivation ■ I-937 obligations ■ Limited transmission capacity for new wind ■ Tidal energy advantages —Predictable resource — No CO 2 emissions — No visual impact — Close to load centers Sun Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 005, 04 -23 -09, TID

Considerations ■ Existing use (fishing, shipping) ■ Potential environmental effects (noise production) Power ■ Cost (difficult environment) Cost Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 005, 04 -23 -09, TID

Northwest National Marine Energy Center • Oregon State University – Headquarters and Director (Bob Paasch) – Focus on Wave Energy – College of Engineering, Oceanography, Hatfield Marine Sciences Center • University of Washington – Co-Director (Phil Malte) – Focus on Tidal Energy – Mechanical Engineering, Oceanography, Applied Physics Lab • Partners – NREL, Snohomish PUD, Bio. Sonics, Sound & Sea Technology, EPRI, Verdant Power, PNWER Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 007, 04 -23 -09, TID

Northwest National Marine Energy Center UW Focus areas (tidal): 1. Environmental Effects 2. Site Characterization and Instrumentation 3. Array Optimization 4. Materials (Survivability and Reliability) Faculty: Thomson (APL/CEE) & Polagye (ME) MS students: Chris Bassett, Jeff Epler, Sam Gooch APL staff: Joe Talbert, Alex de. Klerk Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 007, 04 -23 -09, TID

Velocity Time Series Admiralty Inlet, April 2009 Power density is cube of velocity, P=½ρv 3 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Turbulence Gooch et al, 2009 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Directionality Gooch et al, 2009 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Boundary Layer Effects Single profile Gooch et al, 2009 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Velocity Surveys Polagye, in progress Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 003, 04 -22 -09, TID

Underwater Noise: spectra Bassett, in progress Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Underwater Noise: sources Other ship traffic Ferry crossings Other ship traffic June 15 th, 2009 Spectrogram Bassett, in progress Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Underwater Noise: sources Ferry crossings Other ship traffic June 15 th, 2009 Spectrogram Bassett, in progress Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Underwater noise – cummulative Bassett, in progress Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Underwater pseudo-noise: pressure fluctuations at hydrophone Bassett, in progress Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Water quality: salinity, temperature, turbidity, oxygen, fluorescence, p. H Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 003, 04 -22 -09, TID

Bottom characterization • • • Scoured seabed Relatively flat Cobbles and gravel Sponges Barnacles • Consistent with high currents and grab samples Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 005, 04 -22 -09, TID

Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Area 1: Environmental Effects – tidal range 1 D Channel Model M 2 amplitude change (mm) M. Kawase (UW-SO), B. Polagye (UW-ME), K. Thyng (UW-ME) Tidal range impact of 145 MW plant Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 009, 04 -23 -09, TID

Area 3: Array Optimization Profs. Aliseda (ME) & Riley (ME), MS student Teymour Javaherchi Single reference frame (SRF) simulations R/V Jack Robertson Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 013, 04 -23 -09, TID

Area 4: Survivability and Reliability M. Tuttle (ME), B. Polagye (ME) Before After Clean Current turbine: 6 months deployment Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 015, 04 -23 -09, TID

Area 4: Preliminary Materials Testing Carbon fiber in epoxy (uncoated) Glass fiber in epoxy (uncoated) Low-copper coating (glass fiber in epoxy) High-copper coating (glass fiber in epoxy) Inert coating (rubber) Aluminum (uncoated) Stainless steel (uncoated) Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 016, 04 -23 -09, TID

Questions? Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center nnmrec. oregonstate. edu (OSU - Wave) depts. washington. edu/nnmrec (UW - Tidal) Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 017, 04 -23 -09, TID

Area 2 Detail: Stationary Surveys Acoustic release (redundant recovery) Mini-CTD 300 k. Hz ADCP (salinity and temperature) (velocity) Sea Spider Hydrophone (heavy duty fiberglass frame) (background noise) Programmed for 4 month deployment Lead Weight (600 lbs) Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center 012, 04 -23 -09, TID