Institutional Reform in Mongolia WPLA Workshop on Institutional

Institutional Reform in Mongolia WPLA Workshop on Institutional Framework for Securing Real Property Rights, Tbilisi, Georgia, May 11 – 12, 2006 B. Chinzorig - Project Manager, ALAGa. C

CONTENT l Facts about Mongolia l Institutional Framework l Activities of ALAGa. C l Legislation l Challenges for ALAGa. C l International Cooperation l NLIS

MONGOLIA - 1. 5 mil. sq. m, average altitude 1580 m, highest 4, 374 m (Khuiten Uul), lowest 560 m (Khukh nuur), continental harsh climate (~ -60 C + 45 C) - Land locked country with two big neighbors – Russia and China - 2. 5 mil. inhabitants, 2/3 of the population is below 30 years

MONGOLIA - Parliamentary type of Government, President second in authority to Parliament, - Administratively divided into 21 provinces and 331 sub-provinces - Capital city – Ulaanbaatar (1 mil.

Institutional Framework • New Constitution in 1992 – fundamentals for political, social & economic reforms • First law on Land in 1994 – land tenure issues • Intensification of the land reform in 2002 • Land privatization • Establishment of the Administration of Land Affairs, Geodesy & Cartography

Administration of Land Affairs, Geodesy & Cartography (ALAGa. C) • Established in January 2003 • Merge of three different governmental agencies – i) Land Management Authority, ii) State Administration of Geodesy & Cartography, iii) Real Property Registration Authority

ALAGa. C’s activities - Land management - Cadastre - Geodesy & Cartography - Real property rights registration

Minister for Construction and Urban Development HEAD Deputy Head & Head of Land Management, Geodetic & Cartographic Department Land Management Division Geodetic & Cartographic Division Cadastral Survey Division Administration Internal & International Affairs, Human Resources Division Deputy Head & Head of Real Property Registration Department Real Property Title Registration Division Legislation Division Finance & Services Division Capital city + 21 aimag’s (provincial) (9 districts) (331 soums) ALAGa. C Offices Archive & Database Division

LAND MANAGEMENT • Development of the, monitoring of the implementation and analysis of the national land management master plan, • Organization of the and monitoring of land protection, rehabilitation and management activities, • Organization of the implementation of and monitoring existing laws, legislations, guidelines and rules as well as sector related standards, norms and normative. • Formulation of amendment to the land related laws, regulations, instructions, guidelines and methodology,

LAND MANAGEMENT • Land tenure issues, • Conducting state special use land management, • Regulation of economic free zones, • Professional and methodological assistance to the Local ALAGa. C offices, interested parties regarding land management and land tenure issues, • Controlling and resolving land related disputes.

CADASTRE • Land inventory and registration, • Land state registration (real property formation) • Cadastral survey • Organization of implementation and monitoring activities of existing laws, legislations, guidelines and rules as well as sector related standards, norms and normative.

CADASTRE • Formulation of amendment to the land related laws, regulations, instructions, guidelines and methodology, • Land information system • Land quality and economic assessment • Land market valuation/assessment.

GEODESY & CARTOGRAPHY • Organization and implementation of the mapping of the territory of Mongolia, • Formulation of national geodetic network, unified mapping system on unified coordinate and height, and linkage with global and regional networks, • Organization of implementation and monitoring activities of existing laws, legislations, guidelines and rules as well as sector related standards, norms and normative, • Formulation of amendment to the land related laws, regulations, instructions, guidelines and methodology, • Establishment of unified geodetic and cartographic

GEODESY & CARTOGRAPHY • Establishment of information system for border demarcation, mapping for national security and defence purposes, • Formulation and implementation of policy related with release of training and public purpose thematic maps and atlases. • Clear definition of geographical names in Mongolia, marking in geographical maps, release of geographical names’ directory with approved spelling for public application and practice. • Formulation and application of standards, rules and regulations related with geodetic and cartographic services. • Calibration of surveying equipment and

REAL PROPERTY TITLE REGISTRATION • Registration of titles to the real property, • Registration of titles to moveable properties, • Registration of titles related to the real properties: – – – Mortgage, Lease, Servitude, Usufruct, Title to build on the land owned by another body, Land tenure – land possession and use rights.

REAL PROPERTY TITLE REGISTRATION • Operation, maintenance and update of the real property title registration database, • Formulation of amendment to the land related laws, regulations, instructions, guidelines and methodology,

LAWS ADMINISTERED BY ALAGa. C • Land Law • Law on Privatization of Land to Mongolian Citizens • Land Fee Law • Law on the registration of rights to own a property and other property rights related to it • Law on Geodesy & Cartography • Law on Cadastral Surveying & land cadastre

CHALLENGES FOR ALAGAC • Comprehensive and clear policy and strategy for ALAGa. C independent of political ambitions of the politicians, • Capacity building in human resources, • Integration of the departments and local offices into “one united ALAGa. C” considering the different background of the ALAGa. C’s departments (create corporate identity or corporate culture), • Provide more security for the real property rights,

CHALLENGES FOR ALAGAC • Establishment of the NLIS to support the implementation of the governmental tasks, development of the land market and better service for the public, • Capacity building in hardware and software, • Better service for the public, • Better coordination of the governmental organizations dealing with spatial data/geographic information and avoid duplication of spending governmental resources.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION It is very important part of the activities of ALAGa. C. The following are some examples: - Cadastral Survey & Land Registration Project – ADB loan, - Fiscal Cadastre-Land Management project – GTZ/German Government Grant, implementing consultant is GFA, - Capacity Building in Human Resources Development to Strengthen the Land Administration Sector project – Sida/Swedish Government Grant, implementing consultant is

NATIONAL LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM • To be established within Cadastral Survey & Land Registration Project • To make the daily work easier & better service for the public • Support for the development of the land market and more secure rights • To be contracted on the basis of international bid (bid announced May 1, 06)