Institute ISE group PERG CCD USB 2 0

Institute: ISE, group: PERG CCD USB 2. 0 Camera for the Pi of The Sky Project Grzegorz Kasprowicz semester: T 1 EL-PE Cooperation with Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies dr hab. Grzegorz Wrochna

Project „p of the Sky” • Motivation • Search for optical counterparts of Gamma Ray Bursts • Investigate undocumented observations of point-like flashes in the sky • Open a new window on the Universe - short time scale observations

Project „p of the Sky” • Goals • Observe non-stop almost all visible sky with a few seconds resolution • Record sky images 15 s before and after satellite GRB trigger • Search for point-like flashes

Project „p of the Sky” Apparatus: • 16 CCD cameras, 2000 x 2000 pixels each • f=50 mm lenses, each covering 35 ox 35 o • full frame (128 MB) readout every 6 s • real time processing of all data (trigger) • remote operation, controlled over internet

Aim of the presented work • General : building CCD Camera for the Pi of The Sky project • In current semester : building a final version of camera

Specification: • Sensor: Fairchild CCD 442 A • USB 2. 0 Interface • Programmable readout time (1 s-100 s) • 2048 x 2048 active pixels, 15 x 15 um each • 16 bit ADC • Programmable exposure ( shutter) time (0. 01. . . 655 s) • MPP/BC mode • Amplification (0. . 15 d. B e/ADU) • Controller software upgrade via USB • FPGA configuration upgrade via USB • Peltier cooling of CCD • Temperature measurement: CCD, case, ambient • CCD temperature control • Build in mechanical shutter • Focusing motor control

Own work done in current semester: • Building and testing prototype, based on MAX series PLD • Building the final version of camera based on Cyclone series FPGA • Designing and constructing a mechanical part of camera (case, shutter, cooling) – with help of my brother

Hardware structure of the project (part of all) - 16 identical cameras - USB HUB - cameras supply ( ~ 5 W each) - cooling(Peltier cells) (~ 30 W each) -common power supply(+7 V, ~17 V) /100 W -Common cooling supply +12 V/500 W - water radiator & fan -PC-cooling

II Prototype -Construction optymizing (electrical) -Testing USB transmission, developing USB controller & FPGA programms

Prototype control application „First light” - pinhole - visible readout noises, caused by digital circuits and not optimised connections Grayscale to color conversion used

CCD USB 2. 0 Camera block diagram - USB interface - FPGA + config - DRAM - ADC+CDS - Video amplifier - Supply - CCD temperature control - motors drivers - CCD supply & drivers

Mechanical part of camera -Shutter made up with HDD linear motor , much cheaper than commercial solutions (500$) -tested endurance limit (over 150 hours, 6 cycles per second) -Focusing motor -Case -Inactive gas outlet -Lenses -Cooling(in future will be used water block) -supply, motor and USB connectors -gas inlet -fixing

Final version Power supply board Top view Main board Side view

Final version Shuter, foc. motor Completed construction „First shot”

Achieved results: • Building and testing II protptype • Building and testing final version of camera and one’s mechanical part Further plans: • Implementation of more advanced algorithms, like Windowing, Drift Scan, Tracking is possible because configuration of camera takes about 5% of FPGA resources, and in this direction construction will be developed.