Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Integrated Waste Management

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Integrated Waste Management and Resource Efficiency Integrated Food Waste Management for Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Asian Countries Janya SANG-ARUN, Researcher Magnus BENGTSSON, Senior Policy Researcher Taib SHAZWIN, Intern

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Introduction to IGES • IGES is an NPO based in Japan (5 branch offices) • Working on policy-research and providing services and facilitating policy development to Ministries in Japan (esp. Ministry of Environment) and Governments in Asia and the Pacific. • 7 Divisions: Waste and Resources Management, Natural Resource Management (Forest, Fresh Water, Biodiversity), Climate Policy, Climate Market Mechanism, Environmental Education, Economic Analysis, and Program Management Office. • Download publications: www. iges. or. jp Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 2

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Presentation outline • Potential GHG emissions and reductions from food waste • Food waste management hierarchy based on 3 Rs • Example of food waste management in Cambodia, Thailand India • Conclusion Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 3

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Waste composition in developing Asia countries Waste composition Food waste Plastic Paper Metal Glass Miscellaneous Developing Asia* (%) India** (%) 31 -74 5 -17 4 -20 0. 1 -6 0. 2 -7 2 -55 40 4 5 1 2 47 *Compile from various sources ** toxic link, 2002 Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 4

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Potential GHG emissions through landfill of food waste Country MSW (Mt/yr) Food waste (Mt/yr) GHG emissions (Mt. CO 2 eq/yr) Shallow landfill Deep landfill China 120 60 25. 2 63. 0 India 42 16. 8 7. 1 17. 6 Indonesia 22. 5 16. 6 7. 0 17. 5 Thailand 14. 7 9. 4 4. 0 9. 9 Viet Nam 12. 8 7. 7 3. 2 8. 1 Philippines 11 5. 0 2. 1 5. 2 Malaysia 8. 7 4. 3 1. 8 4. 5 Bangladesh 4. 9 3. 3 1. 4 3. 5 236. 6 123. 1 51. 8 129. 3 Sum Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 5

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Potential GHG emissions reduction through waste reduction, composting, and anaerobic digestion Management practice GHG emissions reduction compared to landfill (Kg. CO 2 eq/kg of food waste) Waste reduction 0. 42 - 1. 05 Anaerobic digestion 0. 25 - 1. 05 Composting 0. 07 - 1. 03 Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 6

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Preferable food waste management technology Low GHG emissions Efficient resource recovery Low energy input Low monetary investment Low environmental impact Simple and easy to handle Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 7

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Integrated food waste management hierarchy Reduce Reuse Recycle Recovery Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 8

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Urban Composting in Phnom Penh, Cambodia • Waste generation is 1, 200 ton/day • 30 ton/day of waste from food market is composting by a NGO (COMPED) Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 9

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change • Compost price is 75 USD/ton of compost • GHG emissions reduction is around 1. 7 t. CO 2 eq/day Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 10

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Urban Composting in Bangkok, Thailand • • Waste generation : 8, 500 tons/day Composting: 1, 000 tons/day of waste Compost price: 63 USD/ton GHG emissions reduction: 659 t. CO 2 eq/day Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 11

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Household composting in Bangkok (pilot scale) Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 12

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Anaerobic digestion in Rayong, Thailand • • • Waste generation: 60 tons/day Capacity of the plant: 60 tons/day Actual operation: 25 -30 tons/day Use of biogas: Generating electricity sell to national grid GHG emissions reduction: 26 t. CO 2 eq/day Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 13

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Anaerobic digestion in Kerala, India • • • Initiated by BIOTECH India (Trivandrum, Kochi, etc) 35% of investment cost is subsidized 16, 000 household with waste input of 3 kg/day 220 community’s digesters 25 schools with capacity of 50 kg of waste per day 45 plants with capacity of 250 kg of waste per day is generating electricity from biogas produced • 30 -50% saving LPG use for cooking • Short term economic return Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 14

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Biogas plant at a school in Trivandrum • • • Plant capacity: 100 kgs of waste input Current waste input: 25 -30 kgs + 20 l kitchen wastewater Energy saving: 35% Effluent: use as liquid fertilizer in school Plan to collect food waste from other organization Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 15

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Biogas plant at YWCA (dormitory) in Trivandrum • • Capacity: 25 kgs of waste input Waste input: 25 kgs waste + 75 kitchen wastewater Effluent: discharge to wastewater canal Energy saving: not yet obvious Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 16

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Biogas plant at a fish market in Trivandrum • Capacity: 250 kgs waste input/day • Use of biogas: Generating electricity (5 k. W) for lighting the market and community road Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 17

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Household biogas project in Trivandrum • • • Waste input 3 kg/day Size: 1 m 3 Biogas use: cooking Effluent: use for gardening Saving 50% of LPG for cooking Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 18

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Mechanical Biological Pre-Treatment (MBT) • Implement in Phitsanulok, Thailand since 1999 • Could reduce GHG emissions and extend lifetime of landfill • Plastic waste is segregated before dumping into landfill Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 19

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Conclusion • Food waste contributes large amount of GHG emissions from the waste sector of developing Asian countries. • The government should promote use of food waste as a resource (e. g. animal feed, biogas, and composting) in household or community scale. • To increase efficiency of food waste utilization, food waste separation at source is required. • Not all of food waste can be separated, MBT should be applied for mixed waste. Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 20

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change IGES future work on food waste and climate change 1. Supporting local governments by developing an implementation guideline and decision tool for promoting use of organic waste in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. 2. Providing training workshop to local governments in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. 3. Study on multiple benefits of organic waste management. 4. Biomass town for resource efficiency and climate change mitigation in developing Asian countries. Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 21

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Acknowledgement v Financial supporters: • Ministry of Environment, Japan (MOEJ) • Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) v CCDC 2010 Organizers Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 22

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Thank You Sang-Arun et al. IGES | http: //www. iges. or. jp CCDC-2010 , Feb 19 -22, 2010, Kottayam, India 23