InsideOutside 60 Years of Chinese Politics An International

Inside/Outside: 60 Years of Chinese Politics: An International Conference organized by the Hong Kong Political Science Association 20 -21 August 2009. Money Politics and Democracy-An Exploration on Government Anti. Corruption Strategies in Taiwan Wen-Ting Shan Nation Taiwan Normal University Graduate Institute of Political Science

Table of Content Introduction a. The Meaning of International Anti-Corruption Measures b. KMT’s Determination of Striking Corruption: What is New Leader’s Political Will c. The Purpose of This Report: Knowing Why and How Taiwan's Democratization v. s. Money-Politics a. Taiwan’s Democratization and How Money-Politics Develop? b. Compared DPP & KMT Government : The Raise of Corruption b. The Influence of Clientalism and Confucian Culture Curbing Corruption? Why & How? a. Anti-Corruption Strategies of Hong Kong and Singapore b. Examining Taiwan’s Anti-Corruption Strategies Conclusion a. Why Anti-Corruption Strategies Are So Important to Taiwan? b. Anti-Corruption Strategies of the Ruling KMT in Taiwan c. The Significances of Anti-corruption for Taiwan’s Democratic Consolidation

Introduction: Definition of Corruption a. “The misuse of public power for private profit” (Senturia, 1993) b. “ The misuse of entrusted power for private benefit” (Pope, 2000) c. “ The abuse of entrusted power for private gain” (TI)

Introduction Corruption Perception Index (CPI)- 1995~2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Singapore 4 4 5 5 5 4 6 Hong Kong 12 14 15 15 16 14 14 14 15 Japan 8 17 17 21 24 21 20 21 23 Taiwan 39 34 34 32 35 30 29 27 28 Korea 40 43 42 40 40 47 50 40 42 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Singapore 7 7 9 7 3 Hong Kong 15 16 9 18 17 Japan 25 25 21 17 20 Taiwan 28 29 31 29 25 Korea 50 43 34 27 27

Compare CPI : Taiwan & South Korea 1999~2008 法務部 97年台灣地區廉政指標民意調查結果

Introduction: New leader’s anti-corruption will New President’s Inaugural Address Taiwan's democracy has been treading down a rocky road, but now it has finally won the chance to enter a smoother path. During that difficult time, political trust was low, political maneuvering was high, and economic security was gone. Support for Taiwan from abroad had suffered an all-time low. Fortunately, the growing pains of Taiwan's democracy did not last long compared to those of other young democracies. Through these growing pains, Taiwan's democracy matured as one can see by the clear choice the people made at this critical moment. The people have chosen clean politics, an open economy, ethnic harmony, and peaceful cross-strait relations to open their arms to the future. Ma Ying-jeou, May 20, 2008.

Taiwan's Democratization v. s. Money-Politics Historical Process of Taiwan’s Democratization

Taiwan's Democratization v. s. Money-Politics Once upon the time. . He said：I’ll bring you Happiness and Hope! If you vote for me!

Taiwan's Democratization v. s. Money-Politics He forgot the commitment he gave to the people and soon onto the path of corruption. .

Taiwan's democratization v. s. Money-Politics Bian’s corruption Sscandal make the damages of Taiwan’s international image , Finally people can not stand anymore and protest

How’s Corruption Damage the Democracy Bain was still under detention, pending trial on a string of corruption cases in which he was involved during his tenure as DPP leader

The Course of Taiwan's Money-Politics The Historical Factor of Taiwan Money-Politics a. KMT- Capitalism v. s. Clientalism b. Politics-Business Clientalism Confucian culture a. Gifts cultural- give and take b. Emphasis on interpersonal relationships

How to Curb Corruption? Knowing Why? The Reason Why we must do Anti-corruption ? a. The Principle of Democratic State b. Responsible to The People c. Stable and Effective Operation of Government b. Deeping and Consolidating Democracy

How to Curb Corruption? Knowing How? Others' successful experiences: Hong Kong & Singapore ICAC (香港廉政公署) (Independent Commission Against Corruption, ICAC) a. 1948 < the Prevention of Corruption Ordinance> 1971 < The Law on the Prevention of Bribery Ordience > b. independent investigation c. 3 A Strategies-Awareness, Assessment, Action CPIB (新加坡貪污調查局) (the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, CPIB) a. 1937 <The Prevention of Corruption Act> 1989 <The corruption(Confiscation of Benefit) Act> b. Independent investigation c. Harsh punishment and people fully support

How to Curb Corruption? How Effective? Benchmarking ICAC & CBIP anti-corruption strategies a. The leader’s political will b. Integrity conduct of civil servant c. Values of core ethic d. Streamline administrative procedures e. An independent anti-corruption organization f. Harsh punishment & media and civil support

How to Curb Corruption? Examining Taiwan’s Anti-corruption Strategies a. Efficient enforcement of the Law b. Political leader’s will for anti-corruption c. Eradication of inducements d. Civil participations and Support e. Independent anti-corruption organizations

Conclusion Brief remarks a. Although Taiwan passed Huntington’s “two turnover test” in March 2008, it is at the crossroads in the process of democratization. One of the reason for unstable democracy is not fully resolved corruption. b. According to recently corruption measure like Corruption Index Measure(CPI) results, the ranking of Taiwan is lower than ever, which mean we should take more effort to fight against corruption. c. When DPP government, the long-standing money-politics transformed a new type of “politics-business clientalism”, which make political leader and administrative officials more prone to corruption. d. Fortunately , Taiwan people used their vote power to replace a corruptive government in March 2008, former leader Chen Shui-bian stepping down because of the corruption scandals, but what the next? We all look forward to new government anti-corruption policy and practices to create a clean political.

Conclusion The Anti-Corruption Action of KMT’s Government a. The internal control mechanism 1. The setting of ethical standards 2. Promotion of professionalism 3. Erection of representative bureaucracy b. the external control mechanism 1. Open information 2. Political elites' accountability 3. Judicial intervention 4. The participation by the representatives from interest groups & citizens.

Conclusion The Significances of Anti-corrupction Internally -Making Taiwan government operation stable and safe -Making political process more free and fair -Administrative system more efficiency and transparency Externally -Promoting democratic consolidating -Building no corruption government and being example for other East Asia country -Being good governance of international politics for the utimate goal-- Free from corruption

Thank You for You Attention