Inside the Earth Why is geology important Layers

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Inside the Earth

Inside the Earth

Why is geology important?

Why is geology important?

Layers of the Earth • If we could take a chunk out of the

Layers of the Earth • If we could take a chunk out of the Earth, we would see that it is made up of different layers.

Layers of the Earth • Earth is made up of 3 main layers –

Layers of the Earth • Earth is made up of 3 main layers – Crust – Mantle – Core – Each layer has it’s own individual composition and physical properties.

Physical Properties and Composition • Composition= what it’s made of • Physical properties= characteristic

Physical Properties and Composition • Composition= what it’s made of • Physical properties= characteristic that is unique and helps to identify the substance (temp, size, shape, color) • Example: Chocolate Chip Cookies • Composition- flour, eggs, sugar, chocolate chips, baking powder, butter • Properties- round, rough, sweet, tan and black, hot, lumpy,

Layers of the Earth(p 90) • CRUST – Physical Properties: • outermost layer •

Layers of the Earth(p 90) • CRUST – Physical Properties: • outermost layer • thinnest layer (5 -70 km thick) • Surface temperature • 1% of Earth’s mass • where we live • touches the atmosphere – Composition: • consists of loose rocks & soil

Crust • Very thin

Crust • Very thin

2 Types of Crust • Continental Crust: dry land, granite less dense Oceanic Crust:

2 Types of Crust • Continental Crust: dry land, granite less dense Oceanic Crust: ocean floor, Basalt, thinner than cont. crust but more dense

Layers of the Earth • MANTLE – Physical Properties: • thickest layer (2900 km

Layers of the Earth • MANTLE – Physical Properties: • thickest layer (2900 km thick) • 1600 -4000 F • 66% of earth’s mass • flowing – Composition: • Molten rock – Magma

Layers of the Earth • CORE – Physical properties: • HOT! 4000 -8000 F

Layers of the Earth • CORE – Physical properties: • HOT! 4000 -8000 F • Very dense • High pressure • 4000 miles from surface • 33% of Earth’s mass • About the same size as Mars – Composition: • Iron and Nickel (metals)

What have you noticed about temperature and pressure? • As you get deeper inside

What have you noticed about temperature and pressure? • As you get deeper inside the Earth, temperature Increases • As you get deeper inside the Earth, pressure Increases

Layers of the Earth • The 3 main layers of the Earth can be

Layers of the Earth • The 3 main layers of the Earth can be divided further by the way they “act” within the Earth and by their different physical properties.

Lithosphere Crust and upper Mantle • outermost layer – includes crust and upper mantle

Lithosphere Crust and upper Mantle • outermost layer – includes crust and upper mantle • rigid • divided into pieces or tectonic plates • Rocks and soil

Asthenosphere Middle Mantle • composed of solid flowing rock • layer on which pieces

Asthenosphere Middle Mantle • composed of solid flowing rock • layer on which pieces of lithosphere move on top (solid rock that flows) – Think of it like caramel

Mesosphere Bottom Mantle • strong, lower part of the mantle • layer between asthenosphere

Mesosphere Bottom Mantle • strong, lower part of the mantle • layer between asthenosphere and core

The Core Outer and Inner • The core is divided into two parts –

The Core Outer and Inner • The core is divided into two parts – Outer Core: • Liquid iron and nickel that’s spinning – Inner Core: • Solid iron and nickel • Solid because of all the pressure of the rest of the Earth surrounding it.

How do we know? • Seismic waves produced by earthquakes travel at different speeds

How do we know? • Seismic waves produced by earthquakes travel at different speeds through solid rock and liquids

Layers of the Earth

Layers of the Earth

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