Input process and output When considering electronic systems

Input, process and output • When considering electronic systems we can say that it is made up of 3 main parts. • Input • Process • Output

Definitions • Data has to flow into the system in some form. • INPUT is the data flowing into the system from outside • The next stage in the information flow is the input data being manipulated in some way. • PROCESSING is the action of manipulating the input into a more useful form.

Definitions • The final stage in the • Example information flow is normally to present the information. • Output is the information flowing out of the system. • Calculator Input – keypad Process – Microprocessor Output – Display

Definition • A transducer is a device which converts an input signal into an electrical signal or an electrical signal into an output signal. • Examples – a microphone converts sound energy into electrical energy and a loudspeaker converts electrical energy into sound energy.

Analogue and Digital Signals • An analogue signal can have any value in the range. • A digital signal appears as a square wave where values are either on or off, 1 or 0, high or low.

Input Devices • Microphone – • Thermocouple – consists of two wires changes sound twisted together to energy into form a junction. When the junction is heated a electrical energy. small voltage appears. It is an analogue • Thermocouples change device. heat to electrical energy. • Heat to electrical energy. Analogue device.

Input Devices • Solar Cell – semiconductor which produces a voltage when light falls on it. • Light to electrical energy. • Analogue device. • Thermistor – device which changes its resistance depending on the temperature. • Used as a temperature control device. • Analogue device.

Input Devices Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) • Device which lowers its resistance as temperature increases. • Switch – Used to open/close a circuit to stop/start the flow of current.

Input Devices • Voltage Divider • Capacitor