Innovation timing Skills none Concepts innovation timing research

Innovation timing Skills: none Concepts: innovation timing, research prototype, commodity versus custom hardware, graphical user interface, contributions of Doug Engelbart, Ivan Sutherland, and Xerox PARC This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3. 0 License.

Where does this topic fit? • Internet concepts – Applications – Technology – Implications • Internet skills – Application development – Content creation – User skills

Innovation timing From the command-line user interface …

Innovation timing to the graphical user interface …

Ivan Sutherland 1963 Doug Engelbart, 1968

The TX-2 at MIT

The Alto at Xerox PARC, 1973

Fail: Xerox Star, 1981 Custom hardware

Fail: Apple Lisa, 1983 Custom hardware

Success: Apple Macintosh, 1984 Custom hardware

Fail: Visi. On, 1983 Commodity PCs

Fail: Windows 1, 1985 Commodity PCs

Fail: Windows 2, 1987 Commodity PCs

Success: Windows 3, 1990 Commodity PCs

Not only hardware timing

Summary

Self-study questions The Apple i. Pad was a successful product when introduced in 2010. Other tablet computers preceded it and did poorly. Describe one and discuss the reasons for its failure. Apple introduced a hand held computer called the Newton in 1993, but it failed. What were the reasons for its failure?

Resources Video of Ivan Sutherland demonstrating Sketchpad, narrated by Alan Kay: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m. OZq. RJz. E 8 xg Video of Doug Engelbart demonstrating NLS: http: //sloan. stanford. edu/Mouse. Site/1968 Demo. html A short overview of Xerox PARC and its influence on Apple and Microsoft: http: //hightechhistory. com/2011/06/02/a-brief-early-history-of-xeroxparc-and-the-development-of-the-personal-computer/ Introduction of the Macintosh and the legendary “ 1984” commercial: http: //vimeo. com/20676234 Wikipedia and other Internet sites have a lot of information on the products discussed in this presentation.