Injury Pathology Injury Causes Compression Impact Contusion Fractures

Injury Causes Compression: Impact – Contusion, Fractures Tension: Stretching – Strains, Sprains, Tears Shearing:

Other Injury Causes Bending: Bending – Fractures Torsion: Twisting – Fractures, Sprains, Strains

Injury Classification Acute: – Sudden onset – Result from a specific mechanism – Examples:

Acute Injuries: Skin Contusion: bruise resulting from a direct blow Abrasions: caused by friction

Acute Injuries: Soft Tissue Sprains: ligament injury caused by high tensile force Strains: tendon

Strain – Grading Scale First degree (mild): – Partial tearing, stretching of muscle/tendon with

Muscle Strain – 3 rd Degree Severe Injury: – Complete rupture of tissue, loss

Acute Injuries: Other Cartilage Tear: Shear/twisting force, can also be from compression – Meniscus,

Chronic Injuries Muscle Strain Tendonitis Stress Fracture Bursitis

Unit Summary What is the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation? Describe the

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Injury Pathology

Injury Causes Compression: Impact – Contusion, Fractures Tension: Stretching – Strains, Sprains, Tears Shearing: Friction – Blisters, scrapes

Other Injury Causes Bending: Bending – Fractures Torsion: Twisting – Fractures, Sprains, Strains

Injury Classification Acute: – Sudden onset – Result from a specific mechanism – Examples: Broken bone, bruise, cut, etc Chronic: – Develop overtime – Specific onset often unknown – Caused by repeated trauma – Overuse injuries – Examples: Shin splints, tendonitis, etc

Acute Injuries: Skin Contusion: bruise resulting from a direct blow Abrasions: caused by friction or scraping Punctures: narrow stab wound Cuts: – Laceration: irregular tear – Incision: clean cut with sharp object – Avulsion: complete tissue tears

Acute Injuries: Soft Tissue Sprains: ligament injury caused by high tensile force Strains: tendon or muscle injury caused by high tensile force Muscle Cramps: painful involuntary muscle contractions

Sprain – Grading Scale

Strain – Grading Scale First degree (mild): – Partial tearing, stretching of muscle/tendon with minimal pain, full strength, no deformity Second degree (moderate): – Partial tearing of tissue, detectable weakness, moderate pain, strength weaknesses

Muscle Strain – 3 rd Degree Severe Injury: – Complete rupture of tissue, loss of ROM, severe pain, detectable deformity, little to no strength

Acute Injuries: Other Cartilage Tear: Shear/twisting force, can also be from compression – Meniscus, labrum Dislocation/Subluxation: (Shoulder, Patella) – Disloc: complete separation – Sublux: partial Fractures: – Closed: Avulsion, Epiphyseal, Stress – Open

Fractures

Open or Compound Fractures

Avulsion Fractures

Epiphyseal Fracture

Stress Fracture

Chronic Injuries Muscle Strain Tendonitis Stress Fracture Bursitis

Unit Summary What is the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation? Describe the difference between a grade 1 and grade 3 sprain. Describe the difference between a grade 2 and grade 3 strain. Describe 3 types of fractures. What is a stress fracture? What is an avulsion fracture? Name 3 types of mechanical forces that cause injuries. What are the 2 main types of injuries?