INHERITANCE OFFSPRING Parents trait Cell nucleus chromosome gene

INHERITANCE

OFFSPRING • Parent’s trait • Cell nucleus chromosome gene

• Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel monk from Austria (1822 -1844) • He studied about heredity using peas • His principles Mendel Law

Chromosome • Carries trait factors • Small unit genes – In chromosome’s loci • Pair of chromosome = homologous chromosome

Human Chromosome MALE • BODY (autosome) – 22 AA + X Y • GAMETE (gonosome) – 22 A + Y – 22 A + X FEMALE • BODY – 22 AA + X X • GAMETE – 22 A + X

Term in Crossing • Generative • Mixing of parents’ trait fertilization

1. Genotype and Phenotype • All traits are inherited, include unexpressed traits • Traits genes in chromosomes = genotype • Expressed traits = fenotype Capital letter: dominant traits Small letter: recessive • Ex: H = dominant h = recessive

2. Homozygote and Heterozygote phenotype HH = smooth hh = rough Hh = smooth genotype Homozygote or heterozygote ?

3. Intermediate • M – red • m – white ü MM ? ü mm? ü Mm ?

4. Gamete, Parental, Filial • Dominant homozygote (MM) • Recessive homozygote (mm) • Heterozygote (Mm) Ø Parental Ø Filial filius (F 1) GAMETE?

Crossing • Combination from male and female Mendel’s Law of Equal Segregation st 1 nd 2 Independent Assortment