Ingegneria Senza Frontiere Trento Italy Technology for human

Ingegneria Senza Frontiere - Trento - Italy Technology for human development: sustainable management of geothermal resources in South Peru Feasibility study Working Group of ISF: A. Tomasi, S. Nicolodi, G. Bertoldi, R. Wolf, A. Cemin, G. Guglieri, M. Grigiante, M. Ragazzi.

Preliminary questions - Which development model have we in our mind ? - Which development model have our project partners? - How to negotiate between those different ideas? A participative idea of cooperation !

Geographical Context • Chivay - Department of Arequipa South Perù. • Poor mountain region between 3300 and 3800 m elevation. • Cold climate, especially at night. • Recent development of tourisms (but not everywhere). • Canyon del Colca and hot springs. Chivay • Public baths La Calera (used by tourist and local population). Department of de Arequipa

Resource available: renewable geothermal energy Thermal Baths La Calera in Chivay Excess heat is loss in the environment Two main hot springs used (T= 69 C, flow of 4, 9 e 1, 8 l/s) Several other natural hot springs

Needs analysis (I) Not completely used resource Too high temperatures to bathing: cooling without heat retrieval Maximum and minimum mean monthly temperature • Cool climate during night • No heating in buildings. • Need of more hot notthermal water for thermal baths Used only 3 of 5 available pools

Needs analysis (II) Do not exist any heating for the new hospital (as for each public and private building). Low temperatures can create health problems Is it a primary or secondary need ? Which culture feels this need? Are there other priorities ?

Development of a cooperation project Partners in Perù Partners in Italy University of Trento ISF-TN El Taller University of Arequipa Environmental issues in the Caylloma District (Arequipa) Waste treatment in Arequipa Management of geothermal resources Sanitation of mining pollution in Colca Valley Phase 1 (Italy): project design, preliminary analysis. Phase 2 (Perù): local survey, technical data collection (October-December 2002). Phase 3 (Italy and Perù): common development of the project (up to now). Social feasibility leaded by El Taller Phase 4 (Italy): financial resource collection Phase 5 (Perù): project implementation

Technical possibilities New Chivay hospital La Calera hot springs Using geothermal heat for: • Whole village heating • Heating of the new hospital • Sanitary water for the hospital • Increasing capacity of the existing thermal baths • Use of exceeding heat for greenhouses Water transport: 3 km insulated pipeline to Chivay hospital Preliminary technical survey by 2 students of Italy and 1 student of Perù Local support given by El Taller and University of Arequipa

General scheme of purposes GEOTHERMIC RESOURCE CHIVAY WARM SPRINGS New hospital Baths upgrading Heat exchanges Search new hot springs greenhouses COLCA VALLEY

Energy Budget DAILY ENERGY NEEDS DURING THE COLDEST MONTH (JULY) • Whole village heating: 102000 MJ/day • New hospital heating: 4364 MJ/ day Available Energy: • Sanitary hot water for the new hospital: 1072 MJ/ day • Sanitary hot water for thermal baths: 1340 MJ/ day Heating the whole village is technically not feasible! 64000 MJ/day

Hot water transport: appropriate technology? COMMERCIAL SOLUTIONS (Socologstor) Socopex System: PEX insulated pipes • Cost: 36 US$/m • Heat loss: 0, 6°C/km • Easy construction Bonded System : steal insulated pipes • Cost : 14, 5 US$/m + 22 US$ for each junction • Heat loss : 0, 7 °C/km • Easy construction Steal pipes with straw insulation: ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION • Cost : 13 US$/m • Heat loss : 0, 9°C/km • Easy substitution material, more people employing

New hospital heating Plant characteristics Heaters Floor panels (simple technology) (new technology) Water temperature: 70°C Water temperature: 35°C Is needed warm up water Solar panels Gas boiler Fuel saving: 2/3

Technical feasibility HEAT EXCHANGE First step Hot water transportation La Calera Upgrading Hospital Heating Floor panels heating (Water temperature less than 50 Celsius) Uses of other hot springs • Floor panels: is it an appropriate technology ? • Are there technical capabilities for construction and management ? • Is this solution economically and socially sustainable ?

Next Step Social feasibility study: impacts of the project on the local contest … from technical project to community project … Sharing the project with the local community Cooperation between ISF - El Taller Municipality di Chivay - University of Arequipa Creation of network of local actors

Expected results • Better conditions in the hospital. • Further development of hot baths (most important income in the village). • Further development of tourisms (in a sustainable way). • Improve knowledge on local resources (spring locations, amount and quality of water). • Create a model of renewable resources using applicable in other places in Perù. • Support collaborations among local groups. • Peer contact between universities and students of both sides. • Empowerment of both partners. Point of discussion • Project as a continuous and long term process. • Building strong partnership as a priority on starting project. • Relevance of feasibility studies within the project cycle.