Informative Speaking Organizing Researching Supporting Informative Speech Presentations

Informative Speaking Organizing, Researching, Supporting

Informative Speech Presentations that have the goal of increasing others’ knowledge, understanding, or abilities.

Types of Informative Speeches Type Sample specific purpose Demonstration To show listeners how to construct an outline Instruction To teach listeners how to perform CPR Description To describe the people and land of Nepal Explanation To explain why (or how) hurricanes form Briefing To summarize the results of our new marketing strategy Reporting To provide detailed information on the results of our new marketing strategy

Guidelines for Effective Informative Speaking 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Provide listeners with a clear thesis statement. Connect with listeners’ values and experiences. Motivate listeners to want information. Incorporate diverse perspectives. Organize so listeners can follow easily. Design your speech to enhance learning and retention. 7. Involve listeners. 8. Use effective and ethical supporting materials.

Design Your Speech to Enhance Learning and Retention � Limit the information you present. � Move from familiar to unfamiliar. � Repeat important ideas. ◦ Repetition is a powerful way to increase retention.

Informative vs Persuasive Speaking 1. Persuasive speeches tend to have more controversial purposes. 2. Persuasive speeches seek more powerful responses from listeners. 3. Persuasive speeches require greater degrees of proof. 4. Persuasive speeches require earning greater amounts of credibility.

Tips in Presenting an Effective Informative Speech � Adapt to the audience � Find research � Stress vocal variety � Avoid persuasion � Aid in comprehension � Recall information

How do you gain and maintain audience attention? Generate a need for the information Create information relevance Provide a fresh perspective Focus on the unusual Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 8

Organizing Your Speech � Chronological Order: the order in which events happen in time Used for giving directions, showing how things are made, explaining the history of something Example: I want to explain the five stages in the evolution of the bicycle.

Organizing Your Speech � Spatial Order: the organization of things according to their position in space. Used for describing places, objects, etc. Example: I want to describe three levels of the community center.

Organizing Your Speech �Topical Order: a topic is broken down into parts that are arranged in an order determined by the speaker. Used to examine parts of a whole, a series of reasons or a list of major features. Example: I want to discuss three measures of the strength of the United States as a world power.

Organizing Your Speech Climactic Order: arranges items according to their importance, usually begins with the least important item of information. Example: I want to explain three requirements for being a good football coach.

Organizing Your Speech � Cause-and-Effect Order: information is arranged to show the results of specific conditions. Example: I want to explain the relationship between an unhealthy lifestyle and obesity.

Organizing Your Speech � Comparison-and-Contrast: items arranged to show similarities and differences Example: I want my audience to understand the similarities and differences between the major universities in our state.

Now It’s Your Turn… �Take a moment to consider the six ways to organize your speech. �Look back at your specific purpose. Do any of the patterns stand out as a way you would like to present your information? �Ask a neighbor what pattern they might apply to your topic/purpose. �Decide your final organizational pattern before you leave today.

Supporting Your Speech � Determine whether the statements are FACT or OPINION.

What’s the Difference? � Fact - tells something that is known to be true, or something that really happened; a fact is something that can be proven with evidence. Opinion - statements that someone believes, thinks, or feels.

Determining Fact Or Opinion �Does the author use words that interpret or label, such as: pretty, ugly, safe, dangerous, evil, attractive, well-dressed, good, and so on? �Are there words that clue you to statements of opinion, such as: probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, on occasion, I believe, I think, in my opinion, I feel, I suggest? � Why is this important?

Arguing Your Point �A complete argument includes a claim, evidence and reasoning. �You will provide three “arguments” in your main points, and each needs to be complete. �Claim: point you are trying to prove. �Evidence: supporting material �Reasoning: explains how the evidence proves the claim.

� Definition: Types of Evidence (forms of support) states the meaning a speaker is using for a term/symbol � Example (Illustration): gives a real or hypothetical case to illustrate � Narration (Anecdotes): describes a scene or event, often a brief/amusing story � Exposition (Description): gives the steps in a process � Citation (Quotation): states directly or indirectly someone else’s ideas � Statistics: states facts dealing with quantities

Tests of Evidence � Source reliability: qualifications � Consensus: the accepted opinion of a majority of the experts � Recency � Controversy � Audience: is it meaningful � Context: use the whole quote

Applying to Your Speech � You will need to cite all of your sources. � Internet citation: date, web address, author’s name, year written, page name � Minimum of three sources required � Minimum of three supporting materials required. Hint: try to vary your evidence.

Web Sources � What makes a valid web source? � How do we cite it?