Information Technology the Internet and You Chapter 1

Information Technology, the Internet, and You Chapter 1 Computing Essentials 2014 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for salefor or sale distribution in any manner. This document may not be not copied, Not authorized or distribution in any manner. This document may be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

内容提要 § 信息系统的组成 § 计算机硬件 § 计算机软件 § 数据 § 连通性 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 2

信息系统的定义（2） § 定义二（百度百科）： § 信息系统是一个由人、计算机及外围设备 等组成的，能进行信息的收集、传递、存 贮、加 、维护和使用的系统 § 总之，计算机是信息系统的重要组成部分： § 各种各样的计算机（专用，通用）构成了 信息系统的计算平台和传输平台 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

计算机和网络改变了我们的生活 § 计算机和网络已成为日常生活的必备 具，改变了人们生产和生活的方方面面： § 新的学习方式：如在线学习 § 新的就业方式：如开网店 § 新的通信方式：各种社交 具 § 新的支付方式：如电子支付 § 新的服务方式：如共享单车、外卖 § …… Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 5

信息系统的组成 § People：信息系统服务的对象 § Hardware § Software § Connectivity（连通性） § Data § Procedures：规则和指南 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6

硬件（计算机） § 计算机： § 可以根据指令接收输入、 进行处理和生成信息 的电子设备 § 按照处理能力分为： § 超级计算机 § 大型计算机 § 小型计算机（服务器） § 个人计算机 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 7

小型机和个人计算机 § 小型机（服务器）： § 个人计算机 § 以前主要由一些中型企 业使用，现在广泛用于 提供网络服务，如作为 邮件服务器、数据库服 务器等 § 个人计算机： § 包括台式机、笔记本、 平板电脑、智能手机、 可穿戴设备 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例） § 系统单元： § 包含了计算机中绝大部 分电子元件的容器 § 包括主板、微处理器、 内存、电源等 Information Technology, the Internet, and You § 输入/输出设备： § 输入设备：将人能理解 的数据和程序转化成计 算机能处理的形式 § 输出设备：将计算机的 处理结果转化成人能够 理解的形式 Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

个人计算机硬件（以台式机为例） § 辅助存储设备： § 断电后仍能保存数据和程 序的存储设备 § 常见的有硬盘、光盘、闪 存等 Information Technology, the Internet, and You § 通信设备： § 为计算机提供网络连 接的设备，如网卡、 调制解调器等 Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

系统软件（1） § 操作系统（系统控制软 件）： § 管理和控制计算机资 源（硬件、软件、数 据） § 运行应用程序：任何 其它软件必须在操作 系统上运行 § 提供用户与计算机的 接口 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 13 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 13

数据 § 数据： § 原始的、未经处理的事实， 包括文本、数字、图像和声 音 § 数据和信息： § 数据经过加 处理后成为信 息 § 信息经过数字化转变成数据 后，才能存储和传输 § 数据是信息的载体，信息是 数据的内涵 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

文件 § 文件： § 数据以文件的形式存储和传 输，文件可直接作为计算机 系统的输入 § 常见的文件类型有： § § § § 文档文件：如word文件 作表文件：如excel文件 演示文件：如PPT文件 图片文件：如jpeg文件 音频文件：如mp 3文件 视频文件：如mp 4文件 …… Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

连通性 § 连通性：与其它计算机共享信息的能力 § 计算机网络： § 将多台计算机连接在一起的通信系统 § 因特网将世界上绝大多数的网络连接在一起 § 不断增强的连通性给人类生活产生了重大影响： § 云计算：利用网络将计算从用户终端转移到数据中心 § 无线通信 ：利用移动终端可实现随时随地上网 § 物联网：实现了人与物、物与物的互联 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 17

万物互联的世界 因特网+无线通信+物联网+云计算 万物互联 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

本书的辅助教学内容 § Making IT Work for You：一些实用的应用程序 § Tips：让计算机运行更安全、更有效的小窍门 § Exploration：获取更多相关知识的链接 § Ethics：相关技术引发的伦理思考 § Environment：信息技术对环境的影响 § Careers in IT：将来可以从事的 作、就业需求、 学历要求、 资水平、晋升机会等 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Computing Essentials 2014 © 2014 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.