Information Systems Ninth Edition Chapter 7 The Internet

Information Systems, Ninth Edition Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

Principles and Learning Objectives • The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use – Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 2

Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) • Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a hyperlink-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications – Describe the World Wide Web and how it works – Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools – Identify and briefly describe the applications associated with the Internet and the Web Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 3

Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) • Because of the Internet and World Wide Web is becoming universal in the business environment, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved – Identify who is using the Web to conduct business and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web commerce – Outline a process for creating Web content Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 4

Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) – Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world – Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them – Identify several issues associated with the use of networks Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 5

Use and Functioning of the Internet • ARPANET – Ancestor of the Internet – Project started by the U. S. Department of Defense (Do. D) in 1969 Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 6

How the Internet Works • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Transport-layer protocol that most Internet applications use with IP • Backbone – One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance communications links • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – An assigned address on the Internet for each computer Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 7

How the Internet Works (continued) • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) – Responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names – Has authority to resolve domain name disputes • Cyber-squatters – Register domain names in the hope of selling them to corporations or people Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 8

How the Internet Works (continued) • • • Accessing the Internet Connect via LAN Server Connect via Dial-up Connect via High-Speed Service Connect Wirelessly Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

How the Internet Works (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Internet Service Providers • Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet • Most charge a monthly fee Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 11

The World Wide Web • Collection of tens of millions of server computers that work together as one in an Internet • Hyperlink – Highlighted text or graphics in a Web document that, when clicked, opens a new Web page • Web browser – Web client software such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 12

The World Wide Web (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

The World Wide Web (continued) • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Standard page description language for Web pages • HTML tags – Let the browser know how to format text • Extensible Markup Language (XML) – Markup language for Web documents containing structured information • Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) – File or portion of an HTML file that defines the visual appearance of content in a Web page Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 14

Web 2. 0 and the Social Web • Web 2. 0 – The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information • Rich Internet application – Software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application software, but runs in a Web browser and does not require local installation Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Web Programming Languages • Java – Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++ – Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document • Other languages – Asynchronous Java. Script and XML (AJAX) – Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) – Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 16

Developing Web Content • Popular tools for creating Web pages and managing Web sites: – Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web, and Nvu • Popular publishing options: – ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting • Mash-up – Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into one song Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 17

Web Services • Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites • XML – The key to Web services Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 18

Web Services (continued) • Other components used in Web service applications: – SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) – WSDL (Web Services Description Language) – UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and Integration) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 19

Internet and Web Applications • Search engines and Web research – Search engines • Have become important to businesses as a tool to drive visitors to the business’ Web site – SEO has become a valuable marketing tool Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Search Engines and Web Research Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Business Uses of the Web • Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association – Established in 1991 – Allows businesses to connect to the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 22

E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat • E-mail – No longer limited to simple text messages – Can embed sound and images – Can attach files • Instant messaging – Online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected to the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 23

E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Career Information and Job Searching • Search engines – Good starting point for searching for specific companies or industries • Job sites – – www. directmarketingcareers. com www. monster. com www. hotjobs. com www. careerbuilder. com Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 25

Telnet, SSH, and FTP • Telnet – Network protocol that enables users to log on to networks remotely over the Internet • Secure Shell (SSH) – Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure connection • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – Supports file transfers between a host and a remote computer Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 26

Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting • Web log (blog) – Web site that people create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics • Podcast – Audio broadcast over the Internet – An audio blog Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 27

Usenet and Newsgroups • Usenet – Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news service – Topic are called newsgroups – Protocol that describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 28

Usenet and Newsgroups (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Chat Rooms • Enable two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) – Requires participants to type their conversation rather than speak Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 30

Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services • Internet phone service – Relatively inexpensive, especially for international calls • Voice-over-IP (Vo. IP) technology – Network managers can route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data • Internet videoconferencing – Supports both voice and visual communications Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 31

Social Networks • Facebook – Provides an application development platform so that technically proficient members can create applications to run within Facebook • The U. S. intelligence community – Is adopting social networking to share information among operatives and analysts • Twitter – Allows members to report on what they are doing throughout the day Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Media Sharing • You. Tube – Allows members to post homemade video content • Flickr – Allows members to upload photos to their own personal online photo album and choose photos to share with the community Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Social Bookmarking • Purpose – To provide a view of the most popular Web sites, videos, blog articles, or other Web content at any given moment • Popular social bookmarking sites – del. icio. us – Digg Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Content Streaming • Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet • Enables users to browse large files in real time Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Shopping on the Web • Amazon Shorts – Has stories that vary in length from 2, 000 to 10, 000 words • Bot (intelligent agent) – Software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 36

Web Auctions • Web auction – A way to connect buyers and sellers • e. Bay – Popular auction site – Easy to use and includes thousands of products and services in many categories • Auction sites – Cannot always determine whether the people and companies listing products and services are legitimate Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 37

Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet • Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet • Video and TV are also becoming available • Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol – Used to put TV programming on the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 38

E-Books and Audio Books • Digital books, both in text and audio form – Are growing in popularity thanks to appealing devices and services • Audio books – Have become more popular due to the popularity of the i. Pod and services like audible. com Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Office on the Web • Internet office – Web site that contains files, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, an appointment calendar, and more – Allows your desktop computer, phone books, appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 40

Other Internet Services and Applications • Internet – Can provide critical information during times of disaster – Can be used to translate words, sentences, or complete documents from one language into another – Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically increased in the last several years Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 41

Intranets and Extranets • Intranet – Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and technologies • Extranet – Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners • Virtual private network (VPN) – Secure connection between two points on the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 42

Intranets and Extranets (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition

Net Issues • Management issues – Preventing attacks • Service and speed issues – Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on company intranets • Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites – People and companies are reluctant to embrace the Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 44

Summary • The Internet started with ARPANET • Internet Protocol (IP) – The set of conventions used to pass packets from one host to another • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Other protocol used with IP • The Web – Collection of tens of millions of servers that work together as one in an Internet service Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 45

Summary (continued) • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Standard page description language for Web pages • Internet and Web applications include: – Web browsers, e-mail, Telnet, FTP, Web logs (blogs), podcasts, Usenet and newsgroups, chat rooms • Telnet and SSH – Enable you to log on to remote computers • Online social networks – Provide Web-based tools for users to share information about themselves with others Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 46

Summary (continued) • Intranet – Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products • Extranet – Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners • Management issues, service, and speed affect all networks Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 47