INFORMATION SYSTEM CONCEPTS UNIT 1 Educational Management Information

INFORMATION SYSTEM CONCEPTS UNIT 1 Educational Management Information System

Objective: This module will help you Understand the term information systems (IS) Appreciate the Role of IS Understand the Impact of IS 2

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEFINED Any form of technology used by people to handle information.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEFINED - The information system is set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEFINED -Integrated components processing, storing and disseminating information in an organisation. Interdisciplinary study of systems that provide information to users in organisations.

INFORMATION AND DATA Information Clusters of facts meaningful and useful to human beings in processes such as making decisions Data Streams of raw facts representing events such as business transactions – meaningless without structure For example, think of data as a set of marks given for an exam, whereas information is how these marks are turned in a degree. This could be further explored with how a set of degree marks (data) can be used to determine the total number of people gaining a 1 st class.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEFINED Key Elements of Information Systems collect process distribute store PURPOSE: support decision making directing, planning, coordinating, communicating + control

HISTORY OF THE ROLE OF IS 1950 -1960 -1970 Data Processing Management Reporting Electronic Data Processing - TPS Management Information Systems 1970 -1980 Decision Support Systems - Ad hoc Reports 1980 -1990 -2000 Strategic & End User Electronic Commerce End User Computing Exec Info Sys Expert Systems SIS Electronic Business & Commerce -Internetworked E-Business & Commerce 8

ROLE OF IS in an ORGANIZATION IS play very vital role in the management, administration and operation of the organization. The system ensures that an appropriate ▪ data is collected from various sources ▪ , processed and ▪ sent further to all the needy destinations. Information System fulfill the information needs of an individual and top management 9

Approaches to Information Systems Management Information Systems MIS The study of information systems focusing on their use in business and management. TECHNICAL APPROACHES COMPUTER OPERATIONS SCIENCE RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCE MIS Approaches Technical Behavioural Sociotechnical SOCIOLOG Y PSYCHOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES

MIS is the multi-disciplinary study of how IS can be used in business and management. This involves both technical and behavioural approaches. Sociotechnical approach – the combination of both. MIS The premise is that for businesses to prosper, that there is increasing reliance on IS. IS involve implementing business rules and Standard Operating Procedures, etc. Businesses must also adapt to IS – they should review the organisational structure and adapt rules with IS in mind.

? IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION, DO YOU THINK INSTITUTIONS ARE EXPECTED TO ADAPT TO INFORMATION SYSTEM ? MOTIVATE YOUR ANSWERS

ROLE OF IS At every phase of the management process, managers constantly need information in order to make effective decisions. It does not include purely functional information or technical information. Management information is the information required by managers as they make their decisions, 13

ROLE OF IS. . continued Further IS provides Timely and Accurate Transaction Processing. Streamlining Accounting and Records Management. Providing Managers with ad hoc and interactive support in decision-making. Provision of an easy and systematic way in digging out critical information tailored according to specific requirements, and customized in preferred formats. Enables an organization to gain competitive advantage over others. Better communication, inter-organizational computing, and internet-working. Supports business operations and successful management of business enterprises. 14

ROLE OF IS. . continued Better use of resources by automating routine functions. Increased ability to make sound, rational and informed decisions involving complex combinations of factors, and doing so with more confidence and speed. Better use of time by making facilities available every time they are required. Improved customer services and improved personnel relations within the organization 15

SAMPLE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION USED TO FOR DECISION MAKING AS EDUCATIONAL MANAGERS ? In your opinion as an educational manager, Why is Information Systems important in the organization ? What are sample management information that educational managers need that can be produced by Information Systems?

The role of IS in Educational Institution as a Business Enterprise 17

IMPACT OF IS (organization) IS creates an impact on the organization’s function, performance and productivity. With IS support management of all departments of an organization can become more effective. Information reporting system helps entire organization. 18

IMPACT of IS (Management) Targets tracking and monitoring becomes easy. Top level managers can be informed accordingly. Probable trends in various aspects of business can be traced. This helps in log-term planning and forecasting. Exception conditions can be brought up. managers can take decision in that matter. 19

IS Impact on Management and Organization ? Can you concretize instances where impact of IS on management and impact of IS on organization is evident.