INFORMATION SOCIETY ESOCIETY 9122021 M Gams matjaz gamsijs

INFORMATION SOCIETY E-SOCIETY 9/12/2021 M. Gams matjaz. gams@ijs. si

End of PC’s? 9/12/2021

Start of Google? 9/12/2021

• definition: information society Information Society is a term for a society in which the creation, distribution, and manipulation of information has become the most significant economic and cultural activity. An Information Society may be contrasted with societies in which the economic underpinning is primarily Industrial or Agrarian. The machine tools of the Information Society are computers and telecommunications, rather than lathes or ploughs.

• definition: information society Progress in information technologies and communication is changing the way we live: how we work and do business, how we educate our children, study and do research, train ourselves, and how we are entertained. The information society is not only affecting the way people interact but it is also requiring the traditional organisational structures to be more flexible, more participatory and more decentralised. (Chair's conclusions from the G-7 Ministerial Conference on the Information Society, February 1995. )

• definition: information society (IBM) Information Society: A society characterised by a high level of information intensity in the everyday life of most citizens, in most organisations and workplaces; by the use of common or compatible technology for a wide range of personal, social, educational and business activities, and by the ability to transmit, receive and exchange digital data rapidly between places irrespective of distance.

definition: information society (Answers. com, Wikipedia) An information society is one which the creation, distribution and manipulation of information is becoming a significant economic and cultural activity. The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart whereby wealth is created through the economic exploitation of knowledge. The information society is a new kind of society. Specific to this kind of society is the central position information technology has for production and economy. Information society is seen as successor to industrial society. Closely related concepts are postindustrial society (Daniel Bell), post-fordism, postmodern society, knowledge society, Telematic Society, Information Revolution, and informational society (Manuel Castells).

• "Google Joins Effort to Put Millions of Books Online" North. Jersey. com (01/18/05); Kladko, Brian • Initiatives to digitize books and make them accessible online for public consumption have generally kept a low profile, but Google has significantly boosted awareness with the recent announcement of its Google Print project, which aims to convert millions of printed works to electronic form. However, lesser -hyped nonprofit efforts such as Carnegie Mellon University's Universal Library and Project Gutenberg are designed to keep the digitized material unrestricted. "Our objective is to ultimately take the works of man. . . digitize it and make it free to everybody, " declares Carnegie Mellon computer science professor Michael Shamos. Whereas Google Print will only display a small excerpt of works published since 1923, the Universal Library shows the whole text of some books that are still under copyright. Furthermore, works no longer subject to copyright are only displayed one page at a time, without a printing option, on Google Print, but Project Gutenberg, which deals exclusively with books in the public domain, does not restrict viewing, copying, or downloading of material. The Universal Library has thus far reached agreements with over 60 publishers to digitize some 51, 000 out-of-print copyrighted books, but Carnegie Mellon librarian Denise Troll Covey says the project will not make overtures to commercial publishers until it has enough money to support features such as a "Buy It" option in which copies of out -of-print copyrighted books are purchased and laser-printed on request, with the publisher and author sharing the money. The Universal Library also plans to pursue a collaboration with Google. Project Gutenberg founder Michael Hart suggests that such cooperation would, for one thing, spare Google the headache of re-digitizing the Universal Library's archive of 100, 000 books. Click Here to View Full Article

New world of information society! Integration of the two worlds. Collapse of time, spa

Information Society "Study: Net Fueling Global Job Boom" E-Commerce Times (08/29/00); Enos, Lori Jobs created by the Internet economy in the United States and six European countries will exceed 10 million by 2002, concludes a new study, "Internet Enabled Job Creation and the Digital Revolution, " from Andersen Consulting. The study reports that the Internet will be the cause of 3 million jobs in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, and 5. 8 million jobs in the United States by 2002. Internet-related industries will create an additional 2 million jobs. http: //www. ecommercetimes. com/news/articles 2000/000829 -1. shtml • "IT Compensation on the Rise in '05" Computerworld (01/18/05); Lee, Katherine Spencer A gradual resurgence of economic optimism should boost IT compensation this year, writes Robert Half Technology executive director Katherine Spencer Lee, who cites the Robert Half Technology 2005 Salary Guide's estimate that IT workers' average base pay will increase 0. 5 percent overall, while high-demand specialties such as information security and quality assurance will experience higher raises.

" • "IT Compensation on the Rise in '05" Computerworld (01/18/05); Lee, Katherine Spencer Trends the firm notes include multiple employment offers for people with highly sought-after skills, and a subsequent rise in employers' attempts to retain key performers through workplace improvements, better worker recognition efforts, and employee morale monitoring. IT hiring is being driven by companies' deployment of processes to ensure compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley and other regulations; sustained investment in Web-based applications to augment collaboration, customization, management, and customer service; the need for wireless communication and business intelligence; increased demand for security as a result of spam and virus growth; and application and technology upgrades. The Robert Half Technology IT Hiring Index and Skills Report indicates that the most sought-after IT skills are wireless network management and SQL server management, while the networking, technical support, Internet/intranet development, database management, application development, and project management specialties are also thriving. Aboveaverage demand for certain positions is expected in 2005: Base compensation for system auditors is projected to rise 5. 1 percent to the range of $63, 250 and $81, 750 yearly; the average starting salary for pre- and postsales consultants should increase 3. 9 percent to between $53, 500 and $78, 250; and starting salaries for programmer/analysts should experience a 3. 6 percent gain to the range of $52, 500 to $83, 250. Lee says many organizations are still cautious when it comes to full-time hiring, and prefer recruiting specialized professionals on a contract basis while waiting for indications of a sustained economic rebound.

Economy "Greenspan Upbeat on Technology" E 1; Berry, John M. Washington Post (08/26/00) P. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, cited technology as the main reason for the continued growth of productivity in the United States. Greenspan said, "The most recent wave of technology has engendered a pronounced rise in American rates of return on high-tech investments, which has led to a stepped-up pace of capital [spending] and increased productivity growth. " He also noted that technology has improved trade and the integration of the world's economies. … 6 percent for the 12 month period ended this June. This growth continues to amaze economists, who did not expect to see such prolonged growth without an accompanying rise in inflation. 9/12/2021 (2005) Tech industry observers report an increase in hiring, although automation, outsourcing, and offshoring appear to be undermining demand for U. S. tech employees.

Economy ""Economics, Computer Science, and Policy" Issues in Science and Technology (02/05) Vol. 21, No. 2, P. 37; Kearns, Michael University of Pennsylvania computer information science professor Michael Kearns observes that computer science is a major point of interaction between network and economic approaches to scientific and social problems, and this convergence can greatly influence matters of policy. "One of the drivers of this exchange has been the realization that many aspects of our most important information networks. . . might be better understood, managed, and improved when viewed as economic systems rather than as purely technical ones, " he explains. Kearns notes that the exchange of ideas between economics and computer scientists is a two-way street, with some economists starting to tackle old and new problems with computer science techniques and principles. The author writes that "from a 9/12/2021 computational perspective. . . We can now undertake the construction and algorithmic manipulation of numerical economic models whose complexity greatly exceeds those one could have contemplated a decade ago. ".

Needs for IT Workers

USA Visas for IT Workers Table 1: USA visas 1990 1998 2000 66, 000 115, 000 200, 000

Possibilities

E-business 9/12/2021

Information growth 9/12/2021

BASIC I. S. LAWS m m Moore’s law (exponential growth ) Metcalf’s law: value(network) = square(no. of nodes) Sidgemor’s law (exponential growth of net traffic) Andreesen … net capitalism = frictionless economy

ZAKONI INFORMACIJSKE DRUŽBE m. Metcalfe's Law - value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of nodes Moore's Law Metcalfe's Law - value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of nodes Sidgemore's Law - traffic doubles every three months Andreesen's Law - cost of bandwidth is dropping Lewis/Flemig's Law - friction-free economy Put on the Internet all your information and information activities The cyber-world doubles fortune Side effect of information society is information overload Information society demands intensive information knowledge for successful leadership Information society belongs to all of us The Internet is the most democratic and free media in the world The Internet and information society are our hope for the future

Background - Information Society u u new breed/generation new technology, old thinking nothing new last year? predicting the future

What is new? u u u u u Info <> material 1 page of bits? No smell, no mass papers Trillions of bits travel daily Generation gaps TCP/IP 1 mail – many peaces distributed, very robust Everybody has access to the whole world in both directions Multimedia – speech, NLU Law – pornography E-money order through Web u u u Privacy? Viruses (2000 emails), worms, spying http: //izum. si/script s/br? lang=win Kids help grand. . / digital divide Owning the Web

Trends of progress u Information society: quick changes, from local to global, non-determined world, u Infosphere: handling information

Which info to handle? u u u Mass media – daily papers, weekly journals … (paper) Scientific/popular journals u Examples of mass Books, manuals … ------- paper -------deceptions: TV, teletext, interactive TV, Tivo - politicians Computer (Intranet, Extranet, - boxing Internet, local connections) - p. games ------- electronic ----- Irak Human comm. - banks

Predicting the future u u 1876: telephones are useless In 1950: by 2000 superintelligent computer (much faster HW) 1950: the whole world needs 10 computers In 1960: by 1980 home robots u u 1977: there will be no home computers Average human will live to 100 y.

New products u u u u Intelligent house int. housekeeping int. car services. . . business TV-computer Media/speech/ understanding Skype : IP phone u u u Napster, movies Internet guides localglobal Education – MIT Encyclopedia, Wikipedia Games – through the Internet

Another Saturation Soon! Computer Generations Generation no. Generation name Major occupation I. Machine-level Hardware II. Programming Writing programs III. Tools Data, text manipulation IV. Information society Information services, Internet

Human Generations Generation no. Generation name Main object I. Agrarian Food II. Industrial Production III. Post-industrial Services IV. Information

IS Impact on Humans (Lewis) Generation name Duration Comm. Speed Agrarian 3000 -5000 years 3 -5 km/h human Industrial 300 -500 30 -50 horse, car Post-industrial 30 -50 300 -500 airplane Information 3 -5 3000 -5000 network

Human Saturation Info clock << biological clock u u Terminal velocity Conflict between biological and information clock Humans can’t cope with information overflow Solution: WE NEED INTELLIGENT ASSISTANTS

Computer Generations Generation no. Generation name Status I. Machine-level Slave II. Programming Slave III. Tools Slave IV. Information society Assistant

Moore’s Law

Saturation – When?

9/12/2021

Discussion u u u Information society – a great opportunity for IT educated technological, human, social Intelligent assistants - SW generation with some degree of freedom when executing tasks True intelligent revolution decades away We need information society to progress – and not to lag behind Personally – a great decision!