Information Search and Visualization Lecture 11 1 Information

Information Search and Visualization Lecture 11 1

Information Retrieval vs. Database Management n Information Retrieval ¨ Unstructured text ¨ Multimedia data (music, images, etc) ¨ Queries come from examples or freeform text n Database Management ¨ Structured database systems with orderly attributes and sorted keys ¨ Queries rely on values of fields and retrieve records that match CS 774 – Spring 2006 2

Task Actions n n Browsing and searching facilitated by interface actions Example tasks ¨ Specific fact finding (known-item search) n ¨ Extended fact finding n ¨ What other books are by the author of Jurassic Park? Exploration of availability n ¨ Find the email address of Hillary Clinton Is there new work on voice recognition in the ACM digital library? Open-ended browsing and problem analysis n Is there new research on fibromyalgia that might help my patient? CS 774 – Spring 2006 3

Finding information n n Determine where to search Convert information need into interface actions Express actions in a a query language or via a series of mouse selections Finding aids ¨ Table of contents or indexes in books ¨ Hot topics lists ¨ Topic hierarchies CS 774 – Spring 2006 4

Internet Searching Greatly improved when Google introduced the Page. Rank algorithm to supplement occurrence of terms n Advance search interfaces available n ¨ Human-generated n directory interface Query Facilities ¨ Natural-language ¨ Boolean queries CS 774 – Spring 2006 5

Database Querying n Database Querying ¨ Structured Query Lanuage (SQL) standard for searching relational databases n SELECT Document# FROM Journal-DB WHERE (Date >= 2001 AND Date <= 2003) AND (Language = English or French) AND (Publisher = ASIST OR HFES OR ACM) CS 774 – Spring 2006 6

Search Interface n Five-phase framework to clarify user interfaces fro textual search ¨ Formulation: expressing the search ¨ Initiation of action: launching the search ¨ Review of results: reading messages and outcomes ¨ Refinement: formulating the next step ¨ Use: compiling and disseminating insight CS 774 – Spring 2006 7

Question n Should textual search interfaces should keep details of how the search is performed hidden from the users. Decide which approach will allow the user to get more accurate results. CS 774 – Spring 2006 8

Multimedia Document Searches n n n Early stages of development Use textual descriptions or metadata searches Examples ¨ Image search ¨ Map search ¨ Design or diagram search ¨ Sound Search ¨ Video Search ¨ Animation Search CS 774 – Spring 2006 9

Advanced Filtering n Filtering with complex Boolean queries ¨ Available from some IR systems, but difficulty to use inhibits widespread adoption ¨ Difference between informal English interpretation and logical interpretation ¨ Interfaces have used Venn diagrams, decision tables, and metaphors of water flowing through filters n Automatic filtering ¨ User constructs set of criteria and documents that meet that criteria are flagged as they come into the system CS 774 – Spring 2006 10

Advanced Search Interfaces n Dynamic Queries ¨ Direct-manipulation n Queries Sliders and buttons provide query manipulation ¨ Requires use of rapid, incremental, and reversible actions with immediate display feedback n less than 100 milliseconds ¨ Provides overview of data CS 774 – Spring 2006 11

Advanced Search Interfaces (cont. ) n Faceted metadata search ¨ Integrates category browsing with keyword search From Flamenco Fine Arts Search CS 774 – Spring 2006 12

Advanced Search Interfaces (cont. ) n Multilingual searches ¨ Also known as cross-lingual searches ¨ Enter a search in one language and retrieve documents in another language n Visual searches ¨ Use visual representation of possible field values ¨ Example: selecting locations from a map to find relevant tourist information CS 774 – Spring 2006 13

Information Visualization n Use of interactive visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition Abstract characteristic distinguished information visualization from scientific visualization ¨ User interfaces manipulate large numbers of items (102 -106) ¨ n Humans good at visual interpretation ¨ n Detect changes in size, color, shape, movement, or texture Field is too immature to have guidelines, principles, and theories CS 774 – Spring 2006 14

Data Types n 1 D Linear ¨ Data organized in a sequential manner ¨ Ex: Color coding by time of last modification n 2 D map data ¨ Task-domain n attributes and interface-domain features 3 D world data ¨ Tasks typically deal with continuous variables ¨ Results presented as volumes or surfaces CS 774 – Spring 2006 15

Data Types (cont. ) n Multidimensional data ¨n attributes in n-dimensional space ¨ Visualizations Dynamic 2 dimension scatter plot n Clustering algorithms n n Temporal data ¨ Focus on events that begin and end at particular times CS 774 – Spring 2006 16

Data Types (cont. ) n Tree data ¨ Collections of items in which each item has a link to one parent item ¨ Represents include indentation or node-andlink diagram n Network data ¨ Items are linked to an arbitrary number of other items CS 774 – Spring 2006 17

Tasks n Overview Task ¨ Zoom n Zoom Task ¨ Zoom n out to see entire collection in on some portion of the collection Filter Task ¨ Remove n uninteresting items Details-on-demand Task CS 774 – Spring 2006 18

Task (cont. ) n Relate Task ¨ Show relationships by proximity, by containment, connected lines, or color coding n History Task ¨ Supports n undo, replay, and progressive refinement Extract Task ¨ Save, send, or insert into a statistical or presentation package the set of found items CS 774 – Spring 2006 19

Question n What do think are the challenges first-time users face when using an information-exploration system? Propose how these challenges can be overcome. CS 774 – Spring 2006 20