Information Overload Syndrome 1 Stress management Biofeedback Cognitive

• Information Overload Syndrome 1

• Stress management • Biofeedback • Cognitive therapy • Social support • Spirituality medicine 2

• Our ability to influence our psychical state with our mental attitude, thoughts and emotions play a powerful and direct role in shaping our body’s health. Mind body medicine is the study of that complex interconnection. 3

• Mind body medicine is the study of that complex interconnection. 4

• Bottom up • Top down 5

• A molecular biology of individual brain cells and the complex biochemistry by which these neurons signal one a another 6

• How the previous parts of the brain and nervous system are wired together, and how they interact 7

8

• Stress reaction • Affect • Behavior • Cognition 9

• The first step is becoming aware that you are stressed. 10

• Exaggeration • Black and white thinking • Focusing on the negative • Assuming the worst • Discounting the positive 11

• Labeling yourself negatively • Drawing negative conclusions • Allowing emotions to ride • Applying rigid rules to yourself and others • Making things personal 12

13

Copyright © 2015 Mc. Graw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of Mc. Graw-Hill Education. 14

15

• Specific unconscious conflicts produce physical disturbances symbolizing repressed psychological conflicts • Conceptualized by Sigmund Freud • Gave rise to psychosomatic medicine 16

• Specific illnesses are produced by people’s internal conflicts • Perpetuated in the work of Dunbar and Alexander • Linked patterns of personality to specific illnesses • Criticism - Conflict or personality type is not sufficient to produce illness 17

• Health and illness are consequences of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors • Advantages • Maintains the macrolevel and microlevel processes continually interact to influence health and illness • Emphasizes both health and illness • Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is seen as influencing the development of the individual 18

19

20

21

22

• Process of diagnosis can benefit from understanding the interacting role of biological, psychological, and social factors • Significance of the relationship between patient and practitioner is made clear which improves: • Patient’s use of services • Efficacy of treatment • Rapidity with which illness is resolved 23

• Purpose - To see how completely the mind and body are intertwined in health • Sudden nocturnal deaths among male refugees from Southeast Asia after the Vietnam war • Occurred in the first few hours of sleep • Autopsies revealed no specific cause of death • Reasons • Genetic susceptibility 24

25

26

• Victims were overwhelmed by: • Cultural differences • Language barriers • Difficulties finding satisfactory jobs • Immediate trigger provided by: • Family argument • Violent television • Frightening dreams 27

• Set of analytic statements that explain a set of phenomena • Advantages • Provide guidelines for how to do research and interventions • Generate specific predictions that can be tested and modified • Help tie together loose ends 28

• Two or more different conditions are created to which people are assigned randomly and their reactions are measured • Randomized clinical trials: Conducted to evaluate treatments or interventions and their effectiveness over time • Evidence-based medicine: Medical interventions go through rigorous testing and evaluation of their benefits before they become the standard of care 29

• Correlational research: Measures whether a change in one variable corresponds with changes in another variable • Disadvantage - Difficult to determine the direction of causality unambiguously • Advantage over experiments - More adaptable 30

• Looks forward in time to see how: • Group of people change • Relationship between two variables changes over time • Conducted to understand the risk factors that relate to health conditions • Longitudinal research: Same people are observed at multiple points in time 31

• Looks backward in time in an attempt to reconstruct the conditions that led to a current situation • Were critical in identifying the risk factors that led to the development of AIDS 32

Tools of neuroscience • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (f. MRI) - Permits glimpses into the brain • Has helped to improve the knowledge of the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune systems Mobile and wireless technologies • Ecological momentary interventions • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring devices Meta-analysis • Combines results from different studies to identify how strong the evidence is for particular research findings 33