Information Avalanche in Wireless Sensor Networks Anand Deshpande

Information Avalanche in Wireless Sensor Networks Anand Deshpande February 14, 2004 http: //www. persistent. co. in ©Persistent Systems Confidential <#>

What are Wireless Sensor Networks? ©Persistent Systems Confidential <#>

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a large network of tiny, autonomous devices equipped with wireless communication. 3

Sensor Networks: A Revolution in the Making Distributed Computing Wireless Technology Battery and Low Power Devices Micro-sensors (MEMS, Materials, Circuits) CMOS miniaturization Data Management 4

How do Sensor Networks work? è Sensors are getting very cheap and very small. è Attached to them are the smallest and least powerful computer that will do the job. Low power and wireless. è They are scattered by the dozens, hundreds or thousands to keep a watch on just about anything. è Because the network examines a problem from so many vantage points, it can produce a much denser and richer picture of what is going on. http: //www. mercurynews. com/mld/mercurynews/6515370. htm 5

Smart Dust è http: //robotics. eecs. berkeley. edu/~pister/Smart. Dust http: //www. eet. com/at/news/OEG 20030128 S 0028 6

The Auto. ID Revolution ü Super. Cola, Inc. adds a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag to every cola can it produces. ü Each tag is cheap - it costs about five cents - and contains a unique Electronic Product Code, or EPC. ü This is stored in the tag's microchip which, at 400 microns square, is smaller than a grain of sand. ü The tag also includes a tiny radio antenna Source: MIT Auto. ID Center (http: //www. autoid. org/) 7

Every item has a unique tag: Auto. ID/RFTags è è è Based on Radio Frequency Identification Frequency range from 30 KHz – 2. 5 GHz Active and Passive tags Read/write capability Applications: Security access, asset tracking, animal identification, rail road car tracking, automated toll collection 8

Wireless Applications: Auto-ID in Supply Chain Source: Forbes. com: Internet of Things 9

How many tags? and What do they cost? End User Estimated number of units in supply chain (billions) Johnson and Johnson (consumer goods) 2. 0 Kimberly Clark 10. 0 The Gillette Company 11. 0 Procter and Gamble 20. 0 Unilever 20. 0 Philip Morris Group 25. 0 Wal-mart 30. 0 Coca-cola 200. 0 è Rs 2. 50 (5 c) per tag q q è IC (integrated circuit based), passive, packaged, 64 -bits of read-only. Rs. 50, 000 ($1000) per reader Source: MIT Auto. ID Center (http: //www. autoid. org/) 10

Characteristics of Sensor Network è Trillions of sensors Large Amounts of real time data è Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless è Wireless Low Power è Low power implies Limited Range è Of course for all of this to be viable a low cost transceiver is required. è All this must be reliable and secure. 11

How much information is there? 1000000000000 Yotta (24) Total volume of information generated worldwide 100000000000 Zeta (21) 1000000000 Exa (18) Production of all hard disk drives in 1995 100000000 Peta (15) All books in the Library of Congress Complete works of Shakespeare 1000000 Tera (12) A movie A typewritten page 100000 Giga (9) 1000000 Mega (6) 12 1000 Kilo (3)

World production of data, terabytes 1999 estimates Grand total: 2, 120, 000 Terabytes PC disk drives Departmental “democratization of data” EB • 80% of the Photographs documents are created by office workers. servers Camcorder tape log scale 1, 000 Enterprise servers 100, 000 • photographs and X-rays together are 99% of all original film documents. PB "paucity of print” printed material makes up for less Music CDs than 0. 003% of the total DVDs storage of information Data CDs TB Optical 0. 08 Office documents Newspapers Periodicals Books Paper 0. 24 Source: University of California, Berkeley 10, 000 “digital dominance” 1, 000 • largest in production and rapidly growing. 100 • most textual information is “born digital. ” 10 Cinema Film 427 Total ‘ 000 Terabytes Magnetic 1, 693 1 13

How do you deal with all this data? è è è è How do we process large amount of data? Different formats, different encodings? What do these bytes in the air mean? How do we Store, Organize, Search, Secure? How do we identify and prioritize what is important now? What about privacy? What about security? How do we protect data from going into wrong hands? 14

Characteristics of Sensor Network è Trillions of sensors Large Amounts of real time data è Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless è Wireless Low Power è Low power implies Limited Range è Of course for all of this to be viable a low cost transceiver is required. è All this must be reliable and secure. 15

Wireless Devices TEXT INTERNET HI-FI AUDIO SHORT STREAMING VIDEO DIGITAL VIDEO MULTICHANNEL VIDEO WAN 2. 5 G/ 3 G GSM/CDMA networks 2. 4 GHz 802. 11 b RANGE LONG GRAPHICS 802. 11 a/HL 2 and 802. 11 g Zigbee Source: Zigbee Alliance (http: //www. zigbee. org/) Bluetooth 2 LAN PAN Bluetooth 1 16

Characteristics of Sensor Network è Trillions of sensors Large Amounts of real time data è Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless è Wireless Low Power è Low power implies Limited Range è Of course for all of this to be viable a low cost transceiver is required. è All this must be reliable and secure. 17

Characteristics of Sensor Network è Trillions of sensors Large Amounts of real time data è Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless è Wireless Low Power è Low power implies Limited Range è Of course for all of this to be viable a low cost transceiver is required. è All this must be reliable and secure. 18

Internet of Things: IP based network Thermostats Desktop Phones TV Cars Switches Games Packages Clothes Computers 108 Embedded Computers 1011 Internet of Things 1014 19

Characteristics of Sensor Network è Trillions of sensors Large Amounts of real time data è Thousands of sensors in a small space Wireless è Wireless Low Power è Low power implies Limited Range è Of course for all of this to be viable a low cost transceiver is required. è All this must be reliable and secure. 20

Identity Theft è You can steal my identity q Sell my house q Accumulate huge debts q Make a video of me doing terrible things. è You can steal on a grand scale q Now Trillions of dollars are online. q A LARGE honey-pot for criminals. 21

The End Of Privacy è The Big-brother is watching! è With smart-card, credit-cards all that we buy and sell can be tracked. è One can track all that we buy, sell, read, write, speak … è Our medical history is on-line and available to all … è With location-based services, the cell companies know where you visited, who you met. 22

What are the Drivers for Sensor Networks Adoption? Technology Business Research Applications 23

To Summarize è Large amounts of data will be collected from sensors and devices. q è Most of this will be real-time and over wireless. q è Science, education, supply chain, medicine, entertainment Necessary to process large amounts of realtime data q è RF, Cellular, 802. 11, Zigbee, Bluetooth. This has the possibility of revolutionizing life q è RF Tags/Auto. IDs, Video Sensors, Biometric sensors Identify what is relevant now. Some of the challenges q q q How do we process large amount of data? How do we Store, Organize, Search, Secure? What about privacy and security? 24