Informatics 121 Software Design I Lecture 5 Andr

Informatics 121 Software Design I Lecture 5 André van der Hoek Duplication of course material for any commercial purpose without the explicit written permission of the professor is prohibited. 06 September 2021 – 22: 55: 57 (c) 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 1

Today’s Lecture n Design Diamond n Design theory n Transitioning to software 06 September 2021 – 22: 55: 58 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 2

Design Diamond Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 55: 58 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 3

Seven Fundamental Dimensions of Design n Goal – Objectives that frame a design problem n Ideas – Individual understanding of a design problem and its solution n Representation – Expression of an understanding of a design problem and its solution n Activity – Acts that contribute to the crafting of a design solution to a design problem n Knowledge – Individual wisdom about design problems and their solutions n Domain of Use – Collective wisdom about design problems and their solutions n Domain of Materials – Collective wisdom about the resources available to implement design solutions 06 September 2021 – 22: 55: 59 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 4

Design Diamond Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 01 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 5

Design Diamond: Manipulates Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 06 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 6

Design Diamond: Informs Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 06 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 7

Design Diamond: Captures Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 07 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 8

Design Diamond Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 09 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 9

Design Diamond Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 09 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 10

Scenario 1: Tower Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 10 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 11

Scenario 2: Scotch Tape Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 11 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 12

Scenario 3: Informatics 43 Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 12 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 13

Design Theories n Pure thought n Reflective conversation with materials n Divergence, transformation, convergence n Team communication n Community building n Objectives, expectations, and success 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 15 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 14

Pure Thought Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 19 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 15

Pure Thought n The mental generation, organization, and manipulation of ideas – underlies all other design activities – subconscious n Guided by: – knowledge of the individual designer – objectives to be addressed n In – – – software, Goal is often a: 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 20 requirements document napkin sketch problem statement © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 16

Reflective Conversation with Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 21 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 17

Reflective Conversation with Materials n “Create a representation, observe it, and gain an understanding” – some design decisions have very unpredictable results – “try and see” n Feedback depends on Representation and Activity – brainstorming, sketches, models, and prototypes all have different advantages n Software often gives poor feedback – unpredictability of UML – opaqueness of code – disconnectedness of prototypes 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 21 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 18

Divergence, Transformation, Convergence Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 22 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 19

Divergence, Transformation, Convergence n John-Chris Jones says that design is: – divergence: problem understanding, creativity, idea generation – transformation: organization and understanding – convergence: analysis and selection of alternatives n Many ways that these steps can be arranged n Software lacks divergence: steeped in existing approaches n Software convergence is tough – what ways do we have to evaluate a software design? 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 22 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 20

Team Communication Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 23 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 21

Team Communication n Team communication involves ensuring that an intended interpretation of a representation is its actual interpretation – my ideas as written down become your ideas as read n How much Knowledge do you and your fellow designers share? – Domain of Materials and Domain of Use n This is especially difficult in software – high complexity – great amount of detail – great variation between projects – ever-changing landscape of tools, languages, etc. 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 23 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 22

Community Building Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 24 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 23

Community Building n The process of gathering and disseminating general wisdom – education – publications – experience n Software is somewhat unique – disparate projects – changing tools – hidden design decisions – secrecy among developers – many advances are in programming languages 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 24 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 24

Objective, Expectations, and Success Domain of Materials Domain of Use Representation Knowledge Ideas Activity Goal 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 25 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek concern manipulates informs captures enhances 25

Fifth Assignment – A Heads Up n Google Maps 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 29 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 26

Fourth Assignment n Read “The Reflective Practitioner” by Donald Schön – chapter 3 “A Reflective Conversation with the Situation” – if you want to read more, of course you can read more – available on the class web site n Provide a 1 page summary with what you consider are the major lessons to learn from this text and how these lessons relate to the various design exercises we performed in class – Thursday 06 September 2021 – 22: 56: 30 © 2006 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek 27