INFO 414 Information Behavior Models of information behavior

Classic IR Model Document Representation Match Query Information Need

Berrypicking w Berrypicking focuses is on the sequence of searcher behaviors w Query is evolving w Searchers may use different search strategies in a single query w Implications for design of information systems

Berrypicking Q 3 Q 1 T Q 5 T T T Q 2 T Q 4 E Q 0 T=thought, Q=query variation, E=exit, =documents, information

Ellis (1989) – Searching Methods w Starting: Looking for information in a new area on on a new topic. w Chaining: Searching by following citation connections between materials. w Differentiating: Selecting information sources based on their orientation and intended audience.

Ellis (1989) – Searching Methods w Monitoring: The continuous monitoring of developments in a field of study w Extracting: Going through a particular source selectively identifying relevant material from that source

Ellis (1989) w Information-seeking patterns of social scientists w Six characteristics: n n n Starting Chaining Browsing Differentiating Monitoring Extracting

Ellis (1989) w Behavioral Model of Information Seeking Diagrammatic presentation suggested by Wilson, 1999

Kuhlthau (1991) w six stages in the information search process w incorporated in three realms n n n affective - feelings cognitive - thoughts physical - actions

Kuhlthau (1991) w Stages n n n initiation - the first awareness of a lack of knowledge or understanding selection - identifying the general topic of the approach to be pursued exploration - investigating information on the general topic, to improve orientation sufficiently to form a focus for resolving the problem

Kuhlthau (1991) n n n formulation - forming a focus for the information encountered collection - extends and supports the focus and selects information pertaining specifically to the focus presentation - completing the search and preparing to present or otherwise use the findings

Kuhlthau’s model of the information search process Stages in ISP Feelings common to each stage Thoughts Common to each stage Actions common to each stage Appropriate task According to Kuhlthau Model 1. Initiation Uncertainty General Vague Seeking Background Information Recognise 2. Selection Optimism Identify 3. Exploration Confusion/ Frustration 4. Formulation Clarity Seeking Relevant Information Formulate 5. Collection Sense of Direction/ Confidence 6. Presentation Relief/ Clearer or Satisfaction Focused or Disappointment Narrowed/ Clearer Increased Interest Seeking Gather Relevant or Focused Information Complete