Inflammatory Disorders of Joints Bursitis Sprains Arthritis Bursitis

Inflammatory Disorders of Joints ¤ Bursitis ¤ Sprains ¤ Arthritis

Bursitis § often called “water on the knee” § caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane § usually fluid is synovial

Sprain § Occurs when the ligaments or tendons reinforcing a joint are damaged by too much stretching or when they are torn away from the bone § Because ligaments and tendons are fibrous cords with little blood supply, they heal slowly.

Arthritis § Arthritis is an inflammation of the joint § Very painful, most crippling disease in US § Symptoms include pain, stiffness and swelling of the joint. § Depending on the type of arthritis, changes in the joint structure can occur.

Types of Arthritis § Osteoarthritis (OA) – joint breaks down over time because of wear and tear § 85% of people with arthritis have OA § affects hyaline cartilage § cartilage softens and breaks down § Bones thicken where cartilage breaks down; extra bone is made called bone spurs and restricts joint movement

Types of Arthritis § Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) – a more severe type of imflammation § RA is an autoimmune disease; the body attacks its own tissue and destroys it § Synovial membranes swell and release bad cells that release chemicals that destroy tissue. § As cartilage is destroyed, scar tissue forma and connects the bones § Cartilage then turns into bones creating deformed joints

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Types of Arthritis § Gout is a disease where uric acid (waste product) accumulates in the blood § The uric acid forms crystals that are needleshape in the soft tissues surrounding the joint § Tends to run in families, affects more men then women and usually occurs in the big toe. § Without treatment, the joint bones can fuse and results in the joint being immoveable.

Bone Fractures § Simple – refers to a broken bone that does not penetrate the surface of the skin § Compound – broken bone breaks through skin allowing for bacteria to enter and also damaging muscles along the way.

Osteoporosis § § Osteoporosis is a bone-thinning disease Afflicts half of women over 65 Bones become so fragile they break easily Bones of spine often collapse causing a hunched over appearance (Dowager’s Hump) § Also, neck of femur weakens causing a broken hip that requires replacement § Caused by estrogen deficiency after menopause; poor diet (lack of calcium); being over weight

Osteoporosis

Rickets § Rickets is a disease in children when bones fail to calcify. (cartilage should turn into bone) § Results in bones softening and bending giving the legs a bowing shape. § Usually caused by a lack of calcium or vitamin D