Inflammatory bowel diseaseIBD UNIT IV Gastro intestinal disorders

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)

UNIT –IV Gastro intestinal disorders TOPIC: Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) Prepared by, Mrs. Anju Ullas Lecturer Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing Yenepoya Nursing College

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the principal types of inflammatory bowel disease.

Ulcerative colitis

m. EANING • Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis occurs when the lining of the large intestine (colon or bowel) and the rectum become inflamed. • This inflammation produces tiny sores called ulcers on the lining of the colon. It usually begins in the rectum and spreads upward. It rarely affects the small intestine beyond the lower portion

Causes • Cause of this condition is unknown. • Stress, Low immune system and heredity may be the possible causes.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Causes patches of inflammation in the lining of the large intestine and rectum small ulcers these ulcers become much larger and deeper with a lot of surrounding redness. Ulcerative colitis

Signs and symptoms • • abdominal pain increased abdominal sounds bloody stools diarrhea fever rectal pain weight loss malnutrition

Additional symptoms • joint pain • joint swelling • nausea • vomiting • skin ulcers • mouth sores

Diagnostic evaluation • stool test: a doctor examines your stool for blood, bacteria, and parasites • endoscopy: a doctor uses a flexible tube to examine the stomach, esophagus, and small intestine • biopsy: a surgeon removes a tissue sample from the colon

• colonoscopy: diagnostic test that involves insertion of a long, flexible tube into the rectum to examine the inside of the colon • barium enema: X-rays are taken of your colon and rectum, using barium to provide contrast

Treatment • Ulcerative colitis treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery • Anti-inflammatory drugs (prednisone and hydrocortisone) • Immunosuppressant drugs (Imuran, Purinethol) • Antibiotics • Anti-diarrheal medications. • Pain relievers • Iron supplements

Surgery • Proctocolectomy (removing entire colon and rectum)

• In most cases, this involves a procedure called ileoanal anastomosis that eliminates the need to wear a bag to collect stool. Your surgeon constructs a pouch from the end of your small intestine. The pouch is then attached directly to your anus, allowing you to expel waste relatively normally.

• In some cases a pouch is not possible. Instead, surgeons create a permanent opening in your abdomen (ileal stoma) through which stool is passed for collection in an attached bag.

Prevention • Limit dairy products. • drinking small amounts of water throughout the day • eating smaller meals throughout the day • limiting your intake of high-fiber foods • avoiding fatty foods

References 1. Black MJ. Textbook of medical surgical nursing. 7 th ed. St. louis: Saunders 2. Brunner. Text book of medical surgical nursing. 6 th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 3. Lewis. Medical surgical nursing. 6 th ed. St louis: Mosby