Infinitives 2013 All About Infinitives Infinitives are verb

Infinitives! 2013

All About Infinitives • Infinitives are verb forms that are translated with the word “to…. ”

All About Infinitives • There are 3 tenses of infinitives: present, perfect, and future. • Each tense has 2 voices: active and passive.

Present Active Infinitive • You learned the present active infinitive in Latin I. • Present the 2 nd principal part of the verb…the one that ends in –re. • It’s translated “to (verb). ”

Present Active Infinitive • amo, amare, amavi, amatus • doceo, docere, docui, doctus • mitto, mittere, misi, missus • capio, capere, cepi, captus • audio, audire, audivi, auditus • To love • To teach • To send • To capture • To hear

Present Passive Infinitive • Change the –re to –ri and you get the present passive infinitive. • ***3 rd and 3 rd –io verbs change the entire – ere to –i. (verbs that have –o, -ere or –io, -ere). • It’s translated “to be (verbed). ”

Present Passive Infinitive • amo, amare, amavi, amatus • doceo, docere, docui, doctus • mitto, mittere, misi, missus • capio, capere, cepi, captus • audio, audire, audivi, auditus • AMARI: to be loved • DOCERI: to be taught • MITTI: to be sent • CAPI: to be captured • AUDIRI: to be heard

Perfect Active Infinitive • • Take the 3 rd principal part of the verb. Drop the –i. Add –isse. Translated: “to have (verbed)”

Perfect Active Infinitive • amo, amare, amavi, amatus • doceo, docere, docui, doctus • mitto, mittere, misi, missus • capio, capere, cepi, captus • audio, audire, audivi, auditus • • • AMAVISSE: to have loved DOCUISSE: to have taught MISISSE: to have sent CEPISSE: to have captured AUDIVISSE: to have heard

Perfect Passive Infinitive • Take the 4 th principal part of the verb. • Add the helping verb “esse” (separate word, not as an ending) • Translated: “to have been (verbed)”

Perfect Passive Infinitive • amo, amare, amavi, amatus • doceo, docere, docui, doctus • mitto, mittere, misi, missus • capio, capere, cepi, captus • audio, audire, audivi, auditus • • • AMATUS ESSE: to have been loved DOCTUS ESSE: to have been taught MISSUS ESSE: to have been sent CAPTUS ESSE: to have been captured AUDITUS ESSE: to have been heard

Future Active Infinitive • Take the 4 th principal part of the verb. • Change the –us to –urus. • Add the helping verb “esse” (separate word, not as an ending) • Translated: “to be going to (verb)” OR “to be about to (verb)”

Future Active Infinitive • amo, amare, amavi, amatus • doceo, docere, docui, doctus • mitto, mittere, misi, missus • capio, capere, cepi, captus • audio, audire, audivi, auditus • • • AMATURUS ESSE: to be about to love DOCTURUS ESSE: to be about to teach MISSURUS ESSE: to be about to send CAPTURUS ESSE: to be about to capture AUDITURUS ESSE: to be about to hear

Future Passive Infinitive • Take the 4 th principal part of the verb. • Change the –us to –um • Add the helping verb “iri” (separate word, not as an ending) • Translated: “to be going to be (verbed)” OR “to be about to be (verbed)” • This form is rare.

Future Passive Infinitive • amo, amare, amavi, amatus • doceo, docere, docui, doctus • mitto, mittere, misi, missus • capio, capere, cepi, captus • audio, audire, audivi, auditus • • • AMATUM IRI: to be about to be loved DOCTUM IRI: to be about to be taught MISSUM IRI: to be about to be sent CAPTUM IRI: to be about to be captured AUDITUM IRI: to be about to be heard

What an Infinitive Chart Looks Like: • ACTIVE • Present amare to love • PASSIVE amari to be loved • Perfect amavisse to have loved amatus esse to have been loved • Future amaturus esse to be about to love amatum iri to be about to be loved