INFECTION DISEASE AND SPREADING Contaminant Shapes of Microorganisms

INFECTION DISEASE AND SPREADING Contaminant Shapes of Microorganisms Reservoir Cattle are reserves of blue-tongue virus for sheep Chickens are reserves of C. jejuni for sheep Anthrax reserves for dirt animals carrying B. anthracis spores Vector The mechanical vector (flies which are vectors of M. bovis) Biological vector Mosquito - Diroflaria immitis (life cycle) Ixodes kenesi - Louping ill virusu (reproduction) Tick - Babesia species (life cycle + reproduction) Sterkorian transmission

INFECTION DISEASE AND SPREADING Hosts Tiers Last host - rabies, dog Definitive host - Taenia pisiformis, dog Primer (natural) host - Distemper virus, dog; Scum viral, cattle Sekonder host - C. jejuni, sheep primer, wild birds sekonder Paratenik host - Parasitology is synonymous with sekonder host Intermediate host - A host with parasitic breeding Strengthening host - Increasing the number of sensitive animals in the population Random host - B. abortus, bull Link host - Link between other host types Concealed host - Aeromonas species, snake

INFECTION DISEASE AND SPREADING Moving infections away Animal movements Legal animal movements (quarantine) Illegal animal movements - rinderpest outbreaks in Turkey Natural migrations Biological products and fomites Biological products such as vaccine and serum Animal feed raw materials (BSE) Wind and stream The formation of droplet nuclei and the effect of trench wave in foot-and-mouth disease Blue-tongue outbreak in Portugal, created by vector mosquitoes, carried by wind from North Africa

INFECTION DISEASE AND SPREADING Factors Related to Infection Diffusion The role of hoster, agent, environment determiner Incubation period Prepatent period Incubation period (incubation period) In order to spread infections with a short incubation period, a high host density is needed - Distemper, dog Infections with long incubation periods can spread easily even in the population with low host density - Leptospirosis, 12 -24 months urinary output Effective contact (possible conditions of infection) Effective contact time is short in seasonal or vector-based diseases In Anthrax's disease, the duration of the lasting contact with the spore is long