Infection Control Learning Targets I can explain what

Infection Control

Learning Targets • • • • • I can explain what a nosocomial infection is I can list all items of Personal protective equipment (PPE) and the situations they should be used I can identify things that should be reported and the proper person/place to report to I can explain standard precautions I can list the different types of transmission based precautions I can describe the role of OSHA and CDC in infection control I can give examples of blood borne pathogens/illnesses I can describe the chain of infection I can explain the difference in an epidemic and pandemic I can recognize biohazard symbol and what that means

Learning Skill Targets • I can correctly demonstrate proper handwashing • I can correctly demonstrate how to put on and take of PPE (gowns and gloves) • I can correctly remove contaminated gloves

Overview • • • Infectious diseases Causes of disease Prevention against disease Chain of Infection Types of PPE (personal protective equipment) • Legal obligations

Health Professionals • you must first protect yourselves, coworkers, and victims/patients • Understanding infectious disease transmission is vital – Allows prevention, protection, and management of potential infectious diseases outbreaks

CDC • Centers for Disease Control – Government Agency – Study disease prevention – developed standard precautions

OSHA • Occupational Safety and Health Administration – Government agency – Set guidelines for employers to keep workers in all settings safe – Blood Borne Pathogen Standard

OSHA • requires employers to develop a Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan. • plan outlines protective practices to decrease the risk for hospital employees who might be exposed to bloodborne diseases. • requires high risk workplaces to supply gloves, Hep B vaccines or any other needed items to employees

Microorganism • AKA-- Microbe • A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic • invisible to the naked eye • Types- Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa

Microorganisms • Pathogen-infectious agent that causes disease or illness to its host • Non pathogen-does not make you sick

Bloodborne pathogens • microorganisms that are present in human blood and some other body fluids (semen-spinal fluid) can cause disease in humans.

** • Blood Borne Pathogens include but are not limited to: – hepatitis B (HBV), – hepatitis C (HCV) and – human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Microorganisms • To be able to live………… • must survive the Chain of Infection • Are everywhere

Cycle of Transmission • Infectious agent/pathogen: the organism causing the infection • Reservoir-The host: the infected person or animal “carrying” the pathogen…. . Where it all begins • Portal of exit-how it leaves body • Transmission: how the pathogen is transferred from host to susceptible person or animal • Portal of Entry-how it enters body • The susceptible host: the potential future host

Glove Practice

Disease transmission – Contact transmission • Direct contact with infectious agent (objects) – Airborne transmission • Airborne particles settle or are inhaled – Vehicle transmission • Food or water carries infectious organism – Vector-borne transmission • Living creature harbors infectious organism

Standard precautions • a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases • These are to be used when providing care to all individuals, whether or not they appear infectious or symptomatic. • Centers for Disease Control--recommends Standard Precautions for the care of all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status.

Standard Precautions apply to : • 1) blood • 2) all body fluids, secretions, and excretions, except sweat, regardless of whether or not they contain visible blood • 3) non-intact skin • 4) mucous membranes

Standard Precautions includes - hand washing - appropriate personal protective equipment - such as gloves, gowns, masks, whenever touching or exposure to patients' body fluids is anticipated.

• When should Health care workers wear gowns and gloves?

• When there is the CHANCE of contact with blood and body fluids

Now a step Further!

Transmission-Based Precautions • recommended to provide additional precautions beyond Standard precautions to interrupt transmission of pathogens.

Types of Transmission-Based Precautions • Airborne Precautions used for infections spread in small particles in the air such as chicken pox or TB (tuberculosis) • Droplet Precautions used for infections spread in large droplets by coughing, talking, or sneezing such as influenza. • Contact Precautions used for infections spread by skin to skin contact or contact with other surfaces

Break the Chain • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_o 9 Sx. DFPUi. A

• If a nursing home resident is being transported from their hospital room to x -ray for test and they positive for Influenza……. . what should they have on before leaving the room.

Practice putting on your PPE!

Our Defense Against Diseases • Use standard/transmission-based precautions-PPE • Skin: first barrier to disease • Healthy body is best defense • Immunization/Vaccines • Antibodies • Know who is more at risk

Who is at risk? • Immune suppressed-Chemo and transplant patients • Very young and old • Chronic respiratory diseases

Hand Hygiene • Hand hygiene – Most simple and easiest way to prevent infection – Hand washing: part of routine patient care – Vigorous scrubbing for 15 -20 seconds washes away dead skin and bacteria

• ***THINK!! • Which person listed below would stand a better chance at defending against an infectious disease? • • A. Healthy 14 year old teen who plays tennis B. 76 year old female with lung cancer C. 5 year old with childhood asthma D. 5 Day old healthy baby boy

Disposal of waste • Potentially infectious materials are biohazard • Needle disposal: use sharps container • Accidental needle stick: largest risk for exposure to blood-borne diseases – Record in sharps injury log

Epidemic • occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people

Pandemic • is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region • multiple continents, or even worldwide

Legal Obligations • Reporting exposure – Health Care workers with exposure to infectious material must seek medical treatment and follow-up – Health Department • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Legal Obligations (cont’d. ) • Epidemiology – Used to prevent and control infectious diseases – Mandatory reporting of notifiable diseases is regulated at state level

Nosocomial Infection • Hospital acquired infection • One-third of nosocomial infections are considered preventable. The CDC estimates 2 million people in the United States are infected annually by hospital-acquired infections, resulting in 20, 000 deaths.

Conclusion • Importance of infection control cannot be overemphasized • Education of infectious disease is a necessity • Health Care Workers must know, understand, and continually practice infection control measures