Infants Toddlers and Televised Media Madeline Eberhardt Advisor
Infants, Toddlers, and Televised Media Madeline Eberhardt Advisor: Dr. Dana Van Abbema April 28, 2008
American Academy of Pediatrics (1999 and 2001) No “screen time” for children age 2 and younger Limited exposure for children over age 2
Kaiser Family Foundation Report (2005) Children between 6 months and 3 years of age: 60 minutes of television per day 47 minutes with other screen media Children between 4 and 6 years: 70 minutes of television per day 62 minutes with other screen media
Media Products for Young Children Language-Specific Target Word Learning Sign Language General World Knowledge
Target Word Learning Fast Mapping Importance of Social Cues Moore, Angelopoulos and Bennett (1999) Krcmar, Grela and Lin (2007)
Sign Language Learning Benefits of sign language use on language development Goodwyn and Acredolo (1993) Goodwyn, Acredolo and Brown (2000) Efficacy of using video presentation to teach sign language Thompson, Mc. Kerchar, and Dancho (2004)
General World Knowledge Necessary Assumptions Children understand the nature of pictures in general Children understand the symbolic nature of images Development of Dual Representation
General World Knowledge (cont. ) Children’s understanding of the nature of pictures Pierroutsakos and De. Loache (2003)
General World Knowledge (cont. ) Children’s understanding of the symbolic nature of images Burns and De. Loache, 1994 Troseth and De. Loache, 1998
What the Literature Tells Us Use of Media Products to Improve Language Outcomes is Problematic Use of Media Products to Convey Information about the World is Problematic
What prompts caregivers to expose children to media products marketed to infants and toddlers?
Qualitative Analysis Protocol (Hill, Thompson, Hess, Knox, Williams & Ladany, 2005) Amazon. com used as the source of reviews
Qualitative Analysis (cont. ) Choice of products for inclusion in analysis Baby Einstein Baby Wordsworth First Words Around the House and Baby Einstein My First Signs Baby Einstein Baby Van Gogh World of Colors
Selection of Reviews Review type 5 -Star Reviews 150 Word Minimum Sample size 9 Baby Wordsworth/My First Signs 15 Baby Van Gogh
Analysis of Reviews Extrapolation of Themes General Typical Variant Rare
Typical Themes Baby Wordsworth First Baby Van Gogh World Words and My First of Colors (15) Signs (9) Attention Capture (8) Content: Signing (7) Content: Live Action (7) Content: Puppets (6) Attention Capture (10) Child Preference (9)
Variant and Rare Themes of Interest Baby Wordsworth First Words and My First Signs (9) Baby Van Gogh World of Colors (15) Caregiver Time (3) Enhances Speech (3) Educational Experience (3) Previously Anti. Television (3)
Discussion of Qualitative Analysis Attention Capture Krcmar, Grela, & Lin (2007) Child Preference Content-related
Recommendations Further Research Caregiver Education
Resources American Academy of Pediatrics (1999). Media education policy statement. Pediatrics, 104(2), 341 -343. American Academy of Pediatrics (2001). Children, adolescents and television policy statement. Pediatrics, 107(2), 423 -426. Garrison, M. M. , & Christakis, D. A. (2005). A teacher in the living room? Educational media for babies, toddlers, and preschoolers. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation. Gershkoff-Stowe, L. , & Hahn, E. R. (2007). Fast mapping skills in the developing lexicon. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 682 -697. Goodwyn, S. W. , & Acredolo, L. P. (1993). Symbolic gesture versus word: Is there a modality advantage for onset of symbol use? . Child Development, 64, 688 -701. Goodwyn, S. W. , Acredolo, L. P. , & Brown, C. A. (2000). Impact of symbolic gesturing on early language development. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(2), 81 -103. Hill, C. E. , Knox, S. , Thompson, B. J. , Williams, E. N. , Hess, S. A. , & Ladany, N. (2005). Consensual qualitative research: An update. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 196 -205.
Resources (cont. ) Krcmar, M. , Grela, B. , & Lin, K. (2007). Can toddlers learn vocabulary from television? An experimental approach. Media Psychology, 10, 41 -63. Moore, C. , Angelopoulos, M. , & Bennett, P. (1999). Word learning in the context of referential and salience cues. Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 60 -68. Pierroutsakos, S. L. , & De. Loache, J. S. (2003). Infants’ manual exploration of pictorial objects varying in realism. Infancy, 4(1), 141 -156. Thompson, R. H. , Mc. Kerchar, P. M. , & Dancho, K. A. (2004), The effects of delayed physical prompts and reinforcement on infant sign language acquisition. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37(3), 379 -383. Troseth, G. L. & De. Loache, J. S. (1998). The medium can obscure the message: Young children’s understanding of video. Child Development, 69(4), 950 -965.
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