Inequality and Equality Are Human Beings Unequal in

Inequality and Equality

Are Human Beings Unequal in Essence? 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. 1. Aristocrats Plato – Golden Souls Aristotle – Natural Hierarchy Nietzsche – The Will to Power Egalitarians Stoics – Understanding the law of nature 2. Christianity – Spiritual Equality 3. Liberalism – Natural Rights 4. Hobbes - Psychology

If Some Human Beings Are Essentially Superior to All Others, How and by Whom Can They Be Identified? • • Divine Discernment Historical Variations in Assessments Philosophical Discernment The Free Market The Well Born Military Power Meritocracy

If Human Beings Are Essentially Equal, Are Conventional Inequalities Wrong? • Inequality is unjustified if it can not be justified in terms of the common good provided no higher arbitrator makes amends for injustices suffered. • Marx and Rousseau argue for radical democracy as solution. • Sexual conventions as an example of injustice.

If All Conventional Inequalities Were Abolished Could Liberty Survive? • French and Russian Revolutions • America and England • Tocqueville and Mill – The Despotism of the Masses • Equality of Opportunity as bridge between liberty and equality

If All Conventional Inequalities Were Abolished, Would Estrangement Disappear? • Humanizing Industrial Society through Equality • Alienation = inequality against the human essence – Rousseau and Marx • Equality = Estrangement from God – Kierkegaard • Revolt of the Masses - Ortega Y Gasset • What kind of equality or inequality?

Should Men and Women Always and in All Ways Be Treated Equally? • Define equality? • What is the role of nature and convention? • How does the human nature vary among the sexes? • What is the status of the private and public spheres? • Is society founded unjustly on unwanted obligations that women bear? • What is the role of oppression in human order?

Different feminisms • • Feminist Separatism Radical Feminism Liberal Feminism Patriarchal Conservatism