Industrialization Urbanization Causes of Industrialization War of 1812

Industrialization & Urbanization

Causes of Industrialization War of 1812 Better transportation Large labor force Capital (money for new businesses)

• Millions of immigrants came to the US in the early 1800 s to work in newly created factory, mining, and construction jobs related to American Urbanization and Industrialization. Usually Immigrant names were Americanized and many of the original ethnic spellings were lost in translation.

Immigration to the U. S. by decade Because of industry (especially in the North) the U. S. experiences it’s first wave of immigration in the 1830 s and 1840 s

The Irish Potato Famine “The Great Hunger” began in 1845 when a fungus like organism spread rapidly throughout Ireland. The infestation ruined up to ½ of the crops in 1845, and ¾ of the crops over the next 7 years. By 1852 the famine resulted in the death of one million Irish from starvation.

• Over one million Irish immigrated to the U. S. due to the “Potato Famine” in Ireland.

Immigration by country in the mid 1800 s

• Urban areas needed to buy food and sell products. • Canals allowed for trade between the Northeast’s factory items and Midwest’s crops by steam boat • The Erie Canal: linked North and West • Built by Irish and German immigrants • Over 65, 000 lost their lives digging canals from 1810 -1840. Building of canals

The Erie Canal

Other important canals in the world: Panama Canal – Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean Suez Canal. Connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

• Railroads were also built by immigrants. • Linked Northern Factories to Western Farms, isolating the south

• Nativism or xenophobia is fear and/or hatred of immigrants. • Immigrants usually worked for less pay and were often accused of “stealing” American jobs and destroying American culture. • Many distrusted the Irish because of their Catholic faith and their heavy drinking. They were shown as animalistic and as not truly “white. ”

Urbanization • The influx of millions of immigrants and rural Americans looking for work in the city led to slums. • On average, families of 6 -8 would live in a single 12 by 12 foot room in an overcrowded, run down apartments called tenements. • They lacked access to safe drinking water and basic healthcare. • Disease, crime, and fire were common.

Exit Slip-In your notebook write down 3 ways urbanization was a benefit -and. Three ways urbanization had a negative impact