Industrialization Section 9 2 Problems with Rapid Industrialization

Industrialization Section 9 -2

Problems with Rapid Industrialization l l l Unhealthy working conditions Air and water pollution Bad working conditions

Factories l l l Factories were built in clusters around sources of energy (water, and coal) London was the most important city in England; it became the largest in Europe. Newer cities competed with London; Birmingham and Sheffield (iron smelting), Leeds and Manchester (textiles/ cotton), Liverpool (port)

Living Conditions l l No sanitary codes, development plans, or building codes because of rapid growth Lacked adequate housing, police protection, and education Garbage collected on unpaved streets Diseases spread rapidly (cholera) because of close, dirty conditions

Working Conditions l l 14 hr. days, 6 days a week machines injured workers (boilers explode) factories are badly lit and unclean coal mines were the worst (breathing in coal dust, damp conditions)

Class Tension Grow l l l Middle Class – skilled workers, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy farmers Much of the money made went to factory owners, shippers, and merchants Upper middle class – doctors, lawyers, government employees, and factory managers Lower middle class – toolmakers, mechanical drafters, and printers Lower Class – workers were being replaced by machines and struck back by destroying those machines (Luddites)

Industrialization changes life l l l People move to cities from the country People make more money and can buy more things Urbanization – moving people to cities and city building

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution l l Short Term – created jobs, added to the wealth of nations, fostered technological improvements and inventions, healthier diets, cheaper foods and clothing Long Term – improved working conditions, new inventions, better living conditions, tax revenue to add to local and federal governments

The Mills of Manchester l l l Children in Manchester Factories Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured 1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river Nonetheless, Manchester produces consumer goods and creates wealth