Industrialization Response of the Farmer to Industrialization Population

Industrialization Response of the Farmer to Industrialization

Population Explosion • Population of the America grew: • 1. Better diet • 2. Better medicine • 3. Better food • Immigration • …… half of people in country lived in cities.

Morrill Land Grant Act • In response to the need for food in the cities: 1. Gave federal lands to fund agricultural colleges. 2. Quicken the pace of scientific agricultural development.

The Homestead Act • The homestead Act gave 160 acres of land to anyone who is… • 1. Head of household • 2. 21 years old. • 3. will live on land for a minimum of 5 years. • 4. will work the land.

Cattle Ranchers • Reached peak in 1880 s. • Large ranches with thousand of head of cattle fed America. • Vigilantes – unauthorized secret citizens groups who kept order.

The Grange Movement • Railroads and corporations took advantage of farmers by overcharging to transport crops and cattle. • The Grange Movement was when farmers organized politically. • Elected candidates to regulate railroads.

Munn vs. Illinois • A court case that upheld Grange Laws that regulated the railroad. • Eventually the Populist Party would help farmers. • The Populist Party became strong.

The Populist Party • Government should control railroads. • Secret ballots in elections. • 8 hour work day. • Government ownership of telegraph and telephone. • Restrict immigration.

The Progressive Movement …… not the Populists.

Progressive Movement • During the Industrial Age people were abused, rights were trampled and environment polluted. • Progressive try to fix or reform these issues. • The new middle class tried to help the unfortunate.

Oh, my goodness… it is two weeks away!

Sherman Antitrust Act • Federal laws against restraint of trade. • No monopolies. • Mostly symbolic of the coming of the Progressive or Populist Movement

Munn vs. Illinois • Warehouse claims that a private company could not be regulated. • Decision: Private companies could be regulated, if the public’s best interests is at state.

Homestead Strike of 1892 • Iron and steel worker strike against Carnegie Steel to protest salary reductions. • Pinkertons employed as security guard. • Excessive violence on both sides. • Management – labor warfare led to many deaths.

Pullman Strike • 1894 • Strike of railroad workers in Chicago. • Wage cuts and job loss. • President Cleveland broke up with Federal Troops.

Depression of 1893 Causes: • Growth of deficit. • Foreign and domestic investors lose faith in the American Markets.

The Progressive Era Populist and Muckrakers try to help Americans.

Progressives • Greater democracy & social justice. • Honest government. • Regulations of business. • Commitment to Public Service.

The Bosses of the Senate

Theodore Roosevelt • The Progressive President. • Became President after Mc. Kinley was assassinated. • Took on the Trust, coal mines, • Negotiated the end of the Sino-Russian War (Nobel Peace Prize).

Theodore Roosevelt • Set aside 55 million acres of public land thus starting g the conservation movement. • Will run for a third term under the Bull moose Platform.

Standard Oil • Roosevelt will bring suit and break up Standard Oil. • They will create several competing oil refineries. • He becomes known as the Trust-Buster.

Hepburn Act • Gave the ICC the right to set maximum rates for freight. • The carriers could challenge prices in court. • This put the Burdon on the Rx. R companies. • This gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power. • Manns-Elkins Act will give them power of telegraph a and telephone

Muckrakers • Writers who expose scandal and injustice. • Will expose the meatpacking industry, slum conditions, stock market fraud, insurance and political fraud.

Upton Sinclair • The book “The Jungle” exposes the unhealthy and unsafe conditions in Chicago's Meat Packing industry. • Roosevelt reads book and go to Chicago.

The Meat Inspection Act • Government inspection of meats headed for interstate commerce. • Creates sanitary standards. • Also, leads to the Food and Drug Administration •

And for the money! • Glass-Owens Federal Reserve Act • Establishes the Federal Reserve Banks. • Makes more credit available. • Pooled currency. • Let the federal government set economic policy.

Imperialism and World War II America expands it’s influence.

Seward’s Folly • 1867, Secretary of State William Seward purchases Alaska from Russia for $7. 23.

Annexing Hawaii • American influence created Pearl Harbor, minority white government and duty free sugar. • Queen Liliuokalani wanted to restore native rule. • Quashed by the U. S. Marines.

Spanish-American War • After the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, Mc. Kinley asked Congress for to declare war. • America will quickly defeat Spain in Cuba and the Philippines.

Remember the Maine

Yellow Journalism & War Hawks • Sensationalistic newspapers story helped promote the Spanish-American War. • War Hawks promoted the war in Congress. • Time for U. S. to take place on world stage.

Treaty of Paris • Ends Spanish American War. • U. S. gains control of am independent Cuba, Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico.

Philippines Debate • Should they be a colony? • Government set up by Mc. Kinley. • Jones Act states intention to make independent. • Tying-Duffy makes Philippines independent in 1946.

Panama Canal • Roosevelt desire a canal in Central America for U. S. trade. • Columbia refused U. S. demands for land. • Roosevelt supports Coup in Panama • They take land from Panama and let America built it’s canal. .

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • Roosevelt reaffirms the Monroe Doctrine. • The U. S. will act as a police for the Western Hemisphere. • Oppose any European intervention in the West. • U. S. to preserve order.

Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak softly and carry a big stick. " T. R. Roosevelt's foreign policy. American growing military was to be the big stick.

Open-Door Policy • U. S. wanted to open trade with China. • They had vast population, isolationist and little industry. • Europe had already carved up China into Sphere’s of Influence. • U. S. wanted all to have access.

Open-Door Policy • This self-serving policy was agreed to by European nations. • The Boxers, the society of the Harmonious Fist, fought against foreign influence.

The Boxer Rebellion • Chinese started to execute foreigners. • A multi-country force put down the attacks. • Trade was restores and China paid 33 million.