Industrialization Ideologies Upheavals AP Review 4 Industrial Revolution

Industrialization, Ideologies, & Upheavals AP Review #4

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain � Great Britain had the capacity, resources, and capital to respond to increased demand with new technology and new ways of organizing production

Industrialization on the Continent � Develops with significant involvement of government (different from Britain) � By World War I, industrialization significantly progressed in Germany � Belgium � France � � Not so in Italy � Russia � Austria-Hungary �

Class-Consciousness develops � In both middle & working classes as industrial system created clearer demarcations & lifestyles. � Workers began to form unions and advocate for political change

Urbanization & Population growth � …accompany industrial growth � Living and working conditions of the laborers in the early decades were terrible. � There was substantial debate about how to understand the new urban poverty, w/ some efforts made to improve those conditions. � By around 1840, real wages were going up and the standard of living improved.

1. Use the passage below and your knowledge of European history to answer all parts of the question that follows. “Darkest England, like Darkest Africa, reeks with malaria. The foul and fetid breath of our slums is almost as poisonous as that of the African swamp. Fever is almost as chronic there as on the Equator. Every year thousands of children are killed off by what is called defects of our sanitary system. They are in reality starved and poisoned, and all that can be said is that, in many cases, it is better for them that they were taken away from the trouble to come. …. much of the misery of those who lot we are considering arises from their own habits. Drunkenness and all manner of uncleanness, moral and physical, abound. …. The grimmest social problems of our time should be sternly faced, not with a view to the generation of profitless emotion, but with a view to its solution. ” --William Booth, social reformer and founder of the Salvation Army, In Darkest England the Way Out, 1890 A. B. Identify and explain ONE cause for the conditions described by Booth in the passage. Identify and explain TWO ways in which the conditions described by Booth had improved by the end of the century

Ideologies & Upheavals, 1815 - 1850 Chapter 23

The Congress of Vienna Sought to re-establish the order (balance of power) that had existed before Napoleon Restored the legitimate monarchs displaced by Napoleon’s rule The major powers formed alliances to uphold this order through military action and internal repression of 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. Nationalism Liberal ideas Klemens von Metternich - Conservatism

Early 1800 s – new & powerful Ideologies 1. Liberalism 2. Nationalis m 3. Socialism

Classical Liberalism stresses FREEDOM - develops along 2 strands: Political ⟶ 1. 2. 3. 4. seeks constitutional government Equality before the law Expansion of suffrage (but must own property) Civil liberties Economic (laissez-faire) 1. 2. 3. Demanded free markets Against unions/guilds, monopolies Rejected government regulation (mercantilism) queville Alexis de Toc

Nationalism Theory that each people had its own cultural unity . Cultural Nationalism 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. language history territory dance traditions (sometimes religion) Political Nationalism: 1. 2. 3. Patriotism, love & commitment to country Drive to enhance the country’s prestige & power Demand the right to form a state determined by the “nation”

Socialism �French of community 1. 2. 3. Utopian - “re-organize society to establish cooperation and a new sense Economic Planning by Government Greater Economic Equality State Regulation of Property �Karl Marx – Communism � Breaks w/ French socialists � Explains history / evolution of man & economic systems � Predicts: 1. 2. 3. proletariat will violently overthrow bourgeoisie, there will be no need for the state class-less society will emerge

The Romantic Movement � An artistic movement (art, literature, music) that breaks from the enlightenment. �Attracted conservatives and reactionaries � From reason to emotion � From society to nature � Lots of Nationalism!!!

Use the painting shown below, The Third of May 1808 (1814) by Spanish artist Francisco Goya to answer all parts of the question that follows. 2. Answer all parts of the question that follow: a) Identify and analyze TWO ways in which the painting reflects artistic trends in nineteenth-century Europe. b) Based on the painting and your knowledge of European history, identify and analyze ONE artistic trend in nineteenth-century Europe not shown in the painting Key Concept 3. 6. I, 3. 6. III Learning Objectives: OS-12 Skills: Contextualization, Analyzing Evidence

1830 � Revolution in France will lead to king Louis Phillipe, and a constitutional monarchy � In Great Britain – Great Reform Bill of 1832 will lead to significant political change 1. 2. Redistributes seats in parliament Expanded suffrage

Revolutions of 1848 � In one country after another, liberal or nationalistic revolutions took place in the spring of ‘ 48. 1. 2. 3. France Austrian Empire Prussia � Almost all of them defeated within a few months � Few reforms lasted, and the failure to unite Germany as a constitutional state had enormous consequences later on.

3. Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows. “The effect of the news of the fall of Louis Philippe was electrifying. The passion of the hour was expressed in a flaming speech by [Louis] Kossuth [Hungarian revolutionary leader], who proved himself a consummate spokesman for a people in revolt…. In a speech in the Diet, March 3, 1848, he voiced the feelings of the time, bitterly denouncing the whole system of Austrian government. . Ten day later a riot broke out in Vienna itself…Metternich, who for thirty-nine years had stood at the head of the Austrian states…was now forced to resign. …The effect produced by the announcement of Metternich’s fall was prodigious. It was the most astounding piece of news Europe had received since Waterloo. His fall was correctly heralded as the fall of a system hitherto impregnable. ” --Charles Downer Hazen, Professor of History at Columbia University, Modern European History, 1917 A. B. Identify and analyze TWO pieces of evidence that supports Hazen’s contention regarding the fall of Metternich. Identify and analyze ONE piece of evidence that refutes Hazen’s contention regarding the fall of Metternich. � Key Concept 3. 4. I Learning Objectives: SP-7 Skill: Interpretation

Life in the Emerging Urban Society in the 1800 s

Italian Unification

German Unification

The New Imperialism

4. Answer all parts of the question that follows. Historians have often referred to the period from 1815 -1914 as a period of European global supremacy. A. Identify and analyze TWO pieces of evidence that support this characterization of the period. B. Identify and analyze ONE piece of evidence that undermines this characterization of the period. � � Key Concept 3. 5. I, 3. 5. III Skill: Causation Learning Objectives: INT-3, INT-4, INT-9, IS-10

With 50% on SRQs & Writing… � 33 and above → 3 � 47 and above → 4