Industrialization Chapter 9 2 Essential Question Describe the

Industrialization Chapter 9. 2

Essential Question? • Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization.

• MAIN IDEA- (ECONOMICS) The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems • WHY IT MATTERS NOW- Many less-developed countries are undergoing the difficult process of industrialization today

Setting the Stage • Industrial Revolution affected all parts of life in Great Britain. • Change to machine production caused human suffering • Unhealthy work conditions • Pollution (air/water) • Child Labor • Class tensions especially between the working and middle class. • Industrialization eventually leads to a better quality of life

Industrialization Changes Life England • The pace of industrialization accelerates rapidly in Britain. • 1800 People earned higher wages in factories than on farms • People “believe” they could afford: • To heat house with coal • To eat Scottish beef • Better, warmer clothing Stay ahead of the rat race

Industrial Cities Rise In England • After 1800 population balance shifts toward cities • Factories located in cities • People went to find jobs • Most urban areas double in population • Known as urbanization: • City building and the movement of people to cities Farms to Cities

• Factories developed in groups • Built near sources of energy, like water and coal • London is England’s most important city • Becomes Europe’s largest city • Twice as many people as Paris Coal Deposits across the world

Living Conditions • Because England's cities grew so rapidly Cities don’t have: • Urban development plans • Sanitary codes • Building codes • Inadequate: • Housing • Education • Police Working Class Housing

• Most streets unpaved • No drains • Garbage collects in piles • Housing • Shelters were dark/ dirty • Families live in 1 room apartments. • Sickness was widespread • Cholera (deadly) epidemics would sweep through the slums, regularly Cholera: water-borne disease, caused by bacteria, transported by water

Working Conditions • Owners wanted factories running as many hours as possible. Why? • Average work day 14 hours, 6 days a week • Work is the same day after day, week after week and year after year

• Factories • Most not well lit • Moving parts of machines exposed • Workers lose limbs • Boilers would explode • No govt. aid in case of injury • Coal Mines • Conditions damp • Breathing of coal dust shorten workers lives by 10 years • Many women and children employed in mines. Why? Kids in Mines

Class Tensions Grow • Industrial Revolution creates enormous wealth in the nation • Most of wealth goes to owners, shippers, merchants • All part of growing middle class: • Working class is gripped in poverty

New Social Classes Emerge • Upper Class • • • Aristocrats, old landowners Prosper immediately in Industrial Revolution In the past, had occupied top position • • With wealth came social, political power Consider business world and new middle class vulgar • “Old Money”

• Middle Classes (Educated) 1. Upper Middle Class • Factory owners, merchants, bankers, govt. employees, doctors, etc. • Some become wealthier than upper class 2. New Middle Class • Neither rich nor poor • Factory supervisors, skilled workers, toolmakers, etc. • Both prosper immediately in IR The Bank’s VS The Hill’s

• Working Class • 1800 -1850 • Workers see little improvement in working and living conditions • Machines begin to replace manual labor • What is the consequence? • Luddites: • Workers who began destroy labor saving machinery • Rioted outside of factories • This is the beginning of what political group?

Positive Effects of Industrial Revolution • Creates jobs • Contributes to wealth of nation • Technological progress, invention • Raised the standard of living, production of goods • **Provides hope for a better life** These guys have become billionaires within the last 20 years

• Healthier diets • People live longer • Cheaper, mass-produced clothes • Expands educational opportunities • Business’s need clerical, engineers etc. College?