Industrialization Big Idea The Factory system changed the

Industrialization Big Idea: The Factory system changed the way people lived and worked introducing a variety of problems.

REVIEW LESSON 1 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN BRITAIN BECAUSE OF THEIR EXTENSIVE NATURAL RESOURCES, (WATER POWER, COAL, IRON ORE, RIVERS AND HARBORS) INVENTIONS SUCH AS THE STEAM ENGINE AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY FUELED THE EXPANSION OF FACTORIES. BRITAIN HAD THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION? (LAND – LABOR – CAPITAL)

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AFFECTED EVERY PART OF LIFE IN GREAT BRITAIN BUT PROVED TO BE A MIXED BLESSING. EVENTUALLY, INDUSTRIALIZATION LED TO A BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE FOR MOST PEOPLE. BUT THE CHANGE TO MACHINE PRODUCTION INITIALLY CAUSED HUMAN SUFFERING. RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION BROUGHT PLENTIFUL JOBS, BUT IT ALSO CAUSED UNHEALTHY WORKING CONDITIONS, AIR AND WATER POLLUTION, AND THE ILLS OF CHILD LABOR. IT ALSO LED TO RISING CLASS TENSIONS, ESPECIALLY BETWEEN THE WORKING CLASS AND THE MIDDLE CLASS.

FOR CENTURIES, MOST EUROPEANS HAD LIVED IN RURAL AREAS. AFTER 1800, THE BALANCE SHIFTED TOWARD CITIES. THIS SHIFT WAS CAUSED BY THE GROWTH OF THE FACTORY SYSTEM, WHERE THE MANUFACTURING OF GOODS WAS CONCENTRATED IN A CENTRAL LOCATION. THIS PERIOD WAS ONE OF URBANIZATION—CITY BUILDING AND THE MIGRATION OF PEOPLE TO CITIES.

Industrialization changes life INDUSTRIAL CITIES RISE LIVING CONDITIONS WORKING CONDITIONS CLASS TENSIONS GROW

The Day of a Child Laborer – William Cooper MODULE 15 – LESSON 2

Child labor was common in many industries during the Industrial Revolution. A boy named William Cooper began working in a textile factory at the age of ten. He had a sister who worked upstairs in the same factory. In 1832, Cooper was called to testify before a parliamentary committee about the conditions among child laborers in the textile industry. The following outline of his day is based upon his testimony.

5 AM The workday began. Cooper and his sister rose as early as 4: 00 or 4: 30 in order to get to the factory by 5: 00. Children usually ate their breakfast on the run.

12 Noon The children were given a 40 -minute break for lunch. This was the only break they received all day.

3 PM The children often became drowsy during the afternoon or evening hours. In order to keep them awake, adult overseers sometimes whipped the children.

6 PM There was no break allowed for an evening meal. Children again ate on the run.

9 PM William Cooper’s day ended after an exhausting 16 -hour shift at work.

11 PM Cooper’s sister worked another two hours even though she had to be back at work at 5: 00 the next morning.

Child Labor Factory Acts 0 f 1833 were passed to regulate the working hours of workhouse children in factories and cotton mills to 12 hours per day. TODAY: To save on Labor Costs, many corporations have moved their operations to developing countries. In 2015 their number was estimated at 215 million children aged 5 -17 They are unprotected by labor laws and work for pennies, children weave carpets, sort vegetables, or assemble expensive athletic shoes. Organizations trying to end Child labor: Child Welfare League of America, International Labor rights Fund.

VIDEO QUESTIONS: 1. CHILD WORKERS UNDER 16 DOUBLED DURING WHAT TIME PERIOD? A. 1790 -1800 B. 1890 -1900 C. 1900 -1910 2. ON AVERAGE A CHILD WORKING 70 -100 HRS. PER WEEK WOULD GET PAID? A. $18. 00 B. $ 8. 00 C. $28. 00 3. THE FACTORY ACT OF 1833 SET THE LIMIT OF PAY FOR CHILD WORKERS? A. TRUE B. FALSE

VIDEO QUESTIONS: 4. LAWS PASSED LIMITED THE HOURS OF WORK TO 12 HRS. A DAY WITH 1 HR. FOR LUNCH FOR WHAT AGE GROUP? A. 9 TO 13 B. 14 TO 18 C. UNDER 9 5. CHILDREN WORKERS AGE 9 TO 13 ALSO RECEIVED? A. 2 HRS. FOR LUNCH B. 2 HRS. FOR EDUCATION C. 2 HRS. OF OVERTIME PAY

Effects of Industrialization Working Conditions: • Industry created many new jobs • Factories were dirty, unsafe, and dangerous • Factory bosses exercised harsh discipline LONG TERM EFFECT: Workers won higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.

Effects of Industrialization Social Classes: • Factory workers were overworked and underpaid • Overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class. Factory owners and merchants formed upper middle class. • Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier than they were. LONG TERM EFFECT: Standard of living generally rose.

Effects of Industrialization Size of Cities: • Factories brought job seekers to cities • Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size • Many cities specialized in certain industries. LONG TERM EFFECT: Suburbs grew as people fled crowed cities.

Effects of Industrialization Living Conditions: • Cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls • Housing, water, and social services were scarce • Epidemics swept through the city LONG TERM EFFECT: Housing, diet, and clothing improved