Industrialization 1865 1901 The Rise of Industry Objective

Industrialization 1865 -1901

The Rise of Industry Objective: Learn new technologies or industries that help to improve America

Vocab and Key People and Events • • • Gross National Product Laissez-faire Entrepreneur Resource Practice Edwin Drake Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Alva Edison Morrill Tariff

Build up • Industry reached the US in 1800 s • Began working in Industry during the Civil War • After war industry expanded – Small business started to shut down • 1914 Gross Domestic Product grew by 8 times – Total value of all goods and services that a country produces

Natural Resources • Raw sources helped to build industry – What sources are in an abundance? – Why does this help? • Most located in the west – What helped build the west? • Transcontinental Railroad – New resource: Petroleum • Changed to Kerosene • Used in lanterns and stoves Timber Coal Iron Copper

Edwin Drake • Figured out the oil near Pennsylvania • Edwin Drake drilled first oil well • As oil wells advanced led to economic expansion Tittusville, PN

Large Workforce • 1860 -1910 population tripled – Created demand – Supplied workforce • What caused population change? – Large families – Immigration

Large families/ Immigration • Better living conditions more children survived • Economic conditions in China and Europe were bad • Why did these people come? – Religious prosecution – Oppressive government

What are some New inventions at this time? • What are some you can think of?

Bell and the Telephone • Alexander Graham Bell- Scottish immigrant invented telephone • Experimented signals with electrical current • 1876 called his partner Watson in the next room – Why does this help business? • 1877 Bell Telephone Company opens – What is this now?

Electricity • Thomas Alva Edison leader of new technology – Learned all he could about technology • Gained money by improving the telegraph for Western Union – Menlo Park, New Jersey his factory – Patented something each month – Had more than 1000 patents

Edison • 1877 first fame – Phonograph • 1899 light bulb and generator • Transformed society by supplying power to New York 1882 •

George Westinghouse • Invented air brake system for rail roads – Made all cars breaks to work together • Also invented the AC – Nikola Tesla helped to improve this system – Used the Niagara Falls to make Hydroelectricity to light streets and run street cars

Technology Impact • After Civil War Thaddeus Low invented the Ice machine • 1870 Gustavus Swift hired engineer to design a refrigerated car – 1877 shipped first set of meat – Kept food fresh longer • Why is this important?

Other inventions • Northrop automatic loom: allowed cloth be made at faster rate – Changed bobbins automatically • Standard sized clothes are introduced • 1900 cobblers nearly gone • 1866 Cyrus Field laid telegraph cable across the Atlantic

Free enterprises • Laissez-faire: let people do as they please – Government stay out of economy • Invited entrepreneurs: people who risk their capital to organize and run businesses • Morrill Tariff: increased tariff rates – Helped to keep home business and products at better rates

Railroads 1865 Had 35, 000 miles 1900 200, 000 miles

Transcontinental Railroad Pacific Railway Act- Signed by Lincoln Approved Transcontinental Railroad 2 companies competed to grab land grants

Union Pacific Grenville Dodge Former Union General Moved west from Omaha Many problems faced What? Who worked here? Employed 10, 000

Central Pacific Theodore Judah started it Split stock Leland Stanford: grocer Becomes Governor/ Senator of California Founded Stanford University Charley Crocker: Show owner Mark Hopkins: Hardware store owner Collis Huntington Reffered to as the “Big Four”

The Last Spike Took 4 years Each mile takes 400 rails Each rail takes 10 spikes Central Pacific West laid 688 miles of track Union Pacific 1086 miles 1869 Promontory Summit, Utah Hundreds of spectators