Industrial Revolution IR The Industrial Revolution Brought about

Industrial Revolution (IR)

The Industrial Revolution. . . Brought about a change in society by introducing mass production and new sources of power to meet human needs. n Constant innovations (new things) n Changed from a farming society to a modern industrial society. n

Where did it start? n Why? Began in Great Britain n Geographical advantages in the 1750 s spread to n Close to trade and markets the rest of the world n Large colonial empire n n Colonies brought new raw material to their ports Transportation n Coastal trade; powerful navy

Inventions that helped trigger the IR n Spinning Jenny (1764) n n Spun several threads at once Steam engine (1769) n Made steam power available

IR brings Changes n Working conditions n n Urbanization n Horrible conditions, long work days, child labor People moved from the countryside to the cities Became crowded and unsanitary Growth of railroads n Unified economy of a region

What are labor unions and how did they work? § Workers knew they needed to get changes made § groups formed to represent interests of workers in a specific industry: labor unions § For years, the Government DENIED workers the right to form Unions.

Philosophers of Industrialization: Adam Smith n n n Karl Marx Idea of free economy Laissez-faire ( HANDS OFF!!) govt should not interfere Capitalism n Economic system where the factors of production are privately owned n n Opposite: Govt SHOULD intervene Help out for the benefit of everyone Class conflict Communism n Factors of production are totally owned by the public and operate for all

Political Reform Middle class demanded and received greater political power n Social Reforms n n n Passed laws to restrict child and women labor Limit working hours

The Fight for Women’s rights n Gave women a chance to work outside the home n BUT women made only 1/3 of what men did Women’s suffrage n

Impacts of Industrialization n Transformation of society n n n Revolutions in production, transportation, communication changed lives Pop. , Health, and wealth rose in all industrialized countries Rise of Global Inequality n n Countries using its overseas colonies for resources and markets Imperialism – extending rule over many other lands