Industrial Revolution Invention Innovation and Impact Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Invention, Innovation, and Impact

Industrial Revolution https: //www. history. com/topics/industrial-revolution/the-industrial-revolition-video The Industrial Revolution (1790 – 1830) was a gradual replacement of many hand tools by machines (Factories & Manufactured good) The Second Industrial Revolution (1865 – 1905) included discoveries, inventions, and the Bessemer Process. The Bessemer Processes allowed for an increase in steel production and lead to more railroads and larger buildings.

Inventions & Innovation

Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution Refined Oil- could now be used for cooking lighting, and heating. Creating a large demand. Electricity- The spread of electricity by power companies brought power to homes & businesses. Light Bulb – Thomas Edison’s light bulb allowed for practical light. (Extending work hours) http: //www. history. com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison Steel – The Bessemer Process increased the use of steel (Railways, buildings & bridges)

Cotton Gin https: //www. history. com/topics/inventions/cotton-gin-and-eli-whitney It worked something like a strainer or sieve: Cotton was run through a wooden drum embedded with a series of hooks that caught the fibers and dragged them through a mesh. The mesh was too fine to let the seeds through but the hooks pulled the cotton fibers through with ease. It made picking the seeds of cotton much easier and quicker The average cotton picker could remove the seeds from only about one pound of short-staple cotton per day. With the Cotton Gin, Whitney’s hand-cranked machine could remove the seeds from 50 pounds of cotton in a single day.

Transportation

Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution Transportation Expansion or Railroads – encouraged by cheaper steel increased transportation of people & goods across the country. Automobile – Ford’s assembly manufacturing made cars more affordable and popular

Communication

Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution Communication Telegraph – Communicating quickly across the country through typed messages Morse Code- communication using dots and dashes to send coded messages https: //www. history. com/topics/inventions/telegraph Telephone – Bell’s telephones allowed for faster communication. Typewriter – allowed for business and news to travel faster

Giants of Industry http: //www. history. com/shows/men-who- built-america/videos/the-men-who-built-america-traits-of-a-titan John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Alexander G. Bell Telephone

Giants of Industry & Monopolies Many entrepreneurs formed businesses as corporations ( businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares) Andrew Carnegie – Steel: http: //www. history. com/topics/andrew carnegie/videos/the-men-who-built-america-the-american-dream John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Company http: //www. history. com/topics/john-d-rockefeller/videos/the-men-who-built-america-monopoly Andrew Graham Bell – Communication http: //www. history. com/topics/inventions/alexander-graham-bell

Giants of Industry & Monopolies Many U. S. citizens were concerned with these large companies started creating monopolies Monopolies – total ownership of a product or service (controlling the prices) Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) made it illegal to created monopolies or trust that restrained trade but was extremely difficult to enforce. : http: //www. investopedia. com/articles/economics/08/hammer-antitrust. asp

The Impact – Working Conditions The increase in production and the demand of new production lead to poor working conditions. Small crowded work spaces Increased injuries (unsafe work areas) Poor air quality Long hours Low wages No job security Child Labor

Working Conditions

Child Labor

Child Labor

Unions Workers began to organize and demand improvements in working conditions. Labor Unions Wanted 8 Hour Work Days Equal Pay for Equal Work Safer working conditions End Child Labor Workers would come together and go on strikes (often led to violence)