Industrial Revolution Circa 1700 1850 Stages Developments Population

Industrial Revolution Circa. 1700 – 1850

Stages & Developments • • Population Explosion Urbanisation Agricultural Innovation Labour Supply & Raw Materials Industrialisation & Mass Production Transportation Innovation Social Factors: Living & Working Conditions

Causation: Population Explosion – Industrialisation & Market Expansion Mass Production Transportation Innovation Market Expansion Population Explosion Available Raw Materials Surplus Labour Supply Food Shortage Agricultural Innovation Urbanisation

Population Explosion 1700 1850

Urbanisation 1700 - 1850

Urbanisation & Population Shift

Agricultural Innovation

Agricultural Revolution & Innovation: Subsistence – Profit Old Medieval Field System: Fallow Fields & Strip. Farming

4 -Field System & Selective Breeding

Factory System: Mass Production

Factory System: Evolution of Domestic System (Profit)

Living & Working Conditions

The New Working Class • Originally most of the new ‘working-class’ came from agricultural backgrounds (serfdom, cottiers & agricultural labourers) • This new class of working people lived in over-crowded tenement buildings in urban centres • Women & children all worked in the new Industrial Revolution: maximising profit for owners • Children were easily disciplined & could perform functions that adults could not • Children had no protection under law • Close relationship between education & work of children: uniforms, time-keeping, discipline, authority etc.

Transportation Innovation

Innovation & Industrialisation Textiles Originated in the Domestic System, new innovations led to the invention of Richard Arkwright’s ‘Spinning Frame’. Later innovations included James Hargreaves’ ‘Spinning Jenny’ & Samuel Crompton’s ‘Spinning Mule’. These inventions led to a massive increase in the production of textiles based on Mass Production in the Factory System Steam Power Iron Production