Industrial Revolution Britain Leads the Way Early Hardships

Industrial Revolution: Britain Leads the Way & Early Hardships

I. Why Britain • Natural resources iron & coal • Enclosure movement • Technology • Economic conditions (entrepreneurs had $$ for investment b/c of exploration) • Pop. Explosion • Stable gov’t, strong military • Religious values

• • II. First Factories Iron needed for machines, coal better fuel source Putting Out System took time & kept prices up industrial revolution textile industry. asx Demand grew & entrepreneurs invested in new machines (Kay’s flying shuttle, Hargreaves’ spinning jenny, Arkwright’s waterwheel) New machines were big & expensive, entrepreneurs built shed industrial revolution factory work video clip. asx

Steam engine – 1 st used to pump water out of mines Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Waterwheel

III. Transportation Revolution • Production increased, owners needed to get goods out quicker • Turnpikes, canals, better bridges, locomotive, steam boat

IV. The New City • Rapid urbanization, tenements/slums, soaring population growth • No running water, sewage systems, cholera

V. The Factory System • • Rigid schedule, 12 -16 hours, no safety devices No health care or insurance Women were preferred, easier to manage & cheaper Children were hired and was an accepted practice (small hands & bodies – changed spools in textile mills) orphans sometimes paid in food

VI. Working Class vs. Middle Class • Artisans resisted new machines, took away jobs • Methodism spread (John Wesley) 1 st Sunday schools, offered hope • Growing middle class from merchants who invested in factories, inventors