Industrial Energy Efficiency Examples of International Best Practices
业能源效率： 国际最好实践的案例 Industrial Energy Efficiency: Examples of International Best Practices July 10 -11, 2008年 7月10 -11日 Lynn Price 环境能源技术室 美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室 Environmental Energy Technologies Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
业领域的重要性 Importance of Industrial Sector • 全球范围内， 业领域占全球总能耗和与之相关的CO 2排放量的 37%。 Globally, the industrial sector accounts for 37% of energy use and energy-related CO 2 emissions • 这一比重在发展中国家更高，因为这些国家的基础设施建设和城 市化进程对 业原料的需求更大。 Share is higher in developing countries, where infrastructure construction and urbanization places heavy demands on industrial materials • 取决于定义的不同，中国的 业领域占了全国总能耗的60%到 70%。 Depending upon how it is defined, industrial sector in China accounts for 60% to 70% of all energy consumption 2
业领域的重要性 Importance of Industrial Sector 3
业领域的重要性 Importance of Industrial Sector 注：此处 业包括农业用能。 来源：de la Rue du Can 和 Price, 2008; Murtishaw et al. , 2005; Price et al. , 2006; 美国EIA, 2007; 中国国家统计局, 2005 4
环境挑战 The Environmental Challenge • 大规模的 业生产和高能耗造成了严重的环境污染 High levels of industrial production and energy use can have serious environmental consequences including: • 空气污染 air pollution • 水污染 water pollution • 业废物 industrial waste • 温室气体排放带来的全球气候的变暖 greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global warming • 不挖掘提高能效的潜力也相当于造成经济损失 Untapped potential energy efficiency improvements also represent economic losses • 能效的提高将减少污染物的排放和节约成本。 Improved energy efficiency will reduce many of these emissions and save money 5
如何降低 业能耗 How to Reduce Industrial Energy Use • 转向能耗较低的产业 Shift to Less-Intensive Industries — 在 业化阶段，这一措施难以执行 Difficult during industrialization phase — 中国已是“世界 厂” China is “world’s factory” • 改善 业基础 Improve Industrial Base — 新设施：设计标准（执行力是关键） — New facilities: design standards (enforcement is important) — 现有设施：更新老旧的，低效的设备，淘汰效率最低的设备设施 — Existing facilities: replace old, inefficient equipment, close down most inefficient facilities • 所需条件：Requires: — 新的，高效的技术 New, efficient technologies • 可从国外引进或运用国内技术 Import or produce domestically — 创新的，有效的政策和方案 — Innovative and effective policies and programs 6
业能源效率政策和方案 Industrial Energy Efficiency Policies and Programs 重点政策和方案 Key Policies and Programs • 法规/标准 Regulation/Standards • 能源或CO 2税收政策 Energy or CO 2 Taxes • 排放交易方案 Emissions Trading • 协议/目标 Agreements/Targets • 金融支持和奖励 Financial Assistance and Incentives • 基准 Benchmarking • 审计/评估 Audits/Assessments • 报告 Reporting • 信息传播和示范 Information Dissemination and Demonstration • 政府和公众的认可 Government and Public Recognition 最有效的方案是将以上大部分要素都结合的方案。 Most effective programs are those that combine many of these elements 7
业能源效率政策和方案 Industrial Energy Efficiency Policies and Programs 国际案例 International Examples • 荷兰长期能效协议 • Netherlands Long-Term Agreements • 英国气候变化税和气候变化协议 • UK Climate Change Levy and Climate Change Agreements • 美国 业能源之星 • U. S. Energy Star for Industry • 美国能源部 业技术项目 • U. S. Department of Energy Industrial Technologies Program 8
荷兰 -长期能效协议 Netherlands Long-Term Agreements 目� ：在 1989到 2000年， � 能效提高 20% Goal: increase industrial energy efficiency by 20% between 1989 and 2000 • 可行的能效改进措施 • Inventory of viable energy-efficiency improvement measures • 签署目标设置协议 • Target-setting agreements signed • 开发节能计划 • Energy Savings Plan developed • 年度监测 • Annual monitoring 9
荷兰 -长期能效协议 Netherlands Long-Term Agreements 政策和方案的支持 Supporting Policies and Programs • 补贴 • Subsidies • 投资能源减少交税 • Energy investment tax reduction • 信息传播 • Information dissemination • 能源设备审计 • Facility audits • 环境准入的简化手续 • Simplified procedure for environmental permits • 能源政策的一致性和对项目的保护 • Consistency in and protection from new energy regulation in industry 10
荷兰 -长期能效协议 Netherlands Long-Term Agreements % 提高的能效，1989 -2000 % improvement in energy efficiency, 1989 -2000 11 结果 Results: • 实现整体节能 22. 3% • Overall energy efficiency savings of 22. 3% realized • 每减少一吨CO 2，政府的成本 为 10 -20美元，这个差别取决于 补贴的成本是否包括在内。 • Cost to government of program was $10 -20/t. CO 2 saved, depending upon whether full costs of all subsidies are included • 业实现每年节约能源成本约 6 亿 5千万美元 • Industry realizing ~$650 M per year in reduced energy costs
英国气候变化协议 UK Climate Change Agreements 目� ：到 2010年降低20%的CO 2排放量（1990年的基� ） Goal: 20% CO 2 emissions reduction by 2010 (1990 baseline) • 气候变化税：对能源的征税（包括天然气，煤，液化气和电） • Climate Change Levy: tax on energy (natural gas, coal, LPG, electricity) • 如果公司同意并且实现降低温室气体排放量的目标后，公司的气候 变化税将会有80%的折扣 。 • Companies that agree to and achieve GHG emissions reduction targets receive an 80% Climate Change Levy discount • 如果公司没有加入此协议，没有达到减排目标，则必须缴纳 100%的 能源税。 • Company that does not enter into an agreement that does not reach its target, must pay 100% of the energy tax 12
英国气候变化协议 UK Climate Change Agreements 政策和方案的支持 Supporting Policies and Programs • 碳信托基金会：是一个独立的机构，促进降低 业中的碳排放和商业发展。 通过实地考察指导公司，并向提高能效的项目提供信息和低成本的贷款。 Carbon Trust: an independent body to promote carbon reductions in industry and commerce, advises industry through site visits, provides information and low costs loans for energy efficiency projects • 加强资本免税额计划：如公司购买节能设备（在政府制定的具体名单上）， 则可在进行投资的当年，在这一支出上获得 100%的免税。 Enhanced Capital Allowance Scheme: Business can claim 100% tax allowances on their capital spending on specified energy saving equipment against their taxable profits for the year during which they make the investment • 国内排放交易计划 Domestic Emissions Trading Scheme • 对能效政策的“轻触摸” “Light Touch” on energy efficiency regulation 13
英国气候变化协议 UK Climate Change Agreements 结果 Results: • 2001 -2002：目标为 600万吨CO 2, 实际降低1640万吨CO 2 2001 -2002: target 6. 0 Mt. CO 2, actual reductions of 16. 4 Mt. CO 2 • 2003 -2004：目标为 550万吨CO 2, 实际降低1440万吨CO 2。 2003 -2004: target 5. 5 Mt. CO 2, actual reductions of 14. 4 Mt. CO 2 • 2005 -2006：目标为 910万吨CO 2, 实际降低1640万吨CO 2。 2005 -2006: target 9. 1 Mt. CO 2, actual reductions 16. 4 Mt. CO 2 14 • 这比预期要好，是因为 业领域低估了他们能够通过提高能耗实现的减排量。 Sectors did better than expected because industry underestimated what they could achieve via energy efficiency • 业能够实现每年节约 8亿 3千2百万美元，是因为达到了英国气候变化协议的目标。此外， 还有通过气候变化税所实现的节能。 Industry is saving over $832 M/year on the energy it has not bought as a result of meeting the CCA targets, in addition to the savings on the Climate Change Levy itself
美国EPA 业能源之星 U. S. EPA Energy Star for Industry • 美国政府部门的自愿项目，旨在通过提高能效，帮助生产商保护环境 Voluntary U. S. government program that helps manufacturers protect the environment through superior energy efficiency • 超过450合作公司，涉及 业各个领域 Over 450 partner companies in a wide range of industries • 为能源管理者提供能源管理信息 Provides energy management resources for energy managers • 促进信息共享、网络和共识 Promotes sharing of ideas, networking & recognition • 能源指南－为企业和能源管理者提供技术评价报告 Energy Guidebooks - technical opportunities assessment report for plant and energy managers • 企业能源性能指标，以同能效进行对标 Energy performance indicator for enterprises to “benchmark” energy efficiency 15
美国EPA 业能源之星-能源指南 U. S. EPA Energy Star for Industry - Energy Guides • • 业概况 Industry overview 艺描述 Process description 能耗概要 Energy use summary 提高能效机会 Energy efficiency opportunities — 技术或实践的简要概述 Brief overview of technology or practice — 应用的局限性（如果有） Limitations on applicability (if any) — 典型的节能量 Typical energy savings — 典型的简单回收期 Typical simple payback period — 业实际应用的案例数据 Case study data from real-world industrial applications — 出版物未来信息的参考 References to further information in the public domain 16
美国EPA 业能源之星-能源指南 U. S. EPA Energy Star for Industry - Energy Guides • 主要为企业和能源管理者提供书面的材料 Written specifically for plant and energy managers • 由 业专业人员和专家评审 Reviewed by industry professionals and experts • 指南目标 Goals of the guides • 减少信息障碍 Reduce information barriers • 能源和节能量化 Quantify energy and savings • 评价提高节能潜力机会的清单 Checklist of potential efficiency • 成为所选择的措施进行更详细分析的起点 Starting point for more • 17 opportunities to be evaluated detailed analysis of selected measures 突出 业成功的案例 Highlight industry success stories
业能效技术和措施 Energy-Efficiency Technologies for Industry • 美国EPA能源之星的 业项目 US EPA Energy Star for Industry Program (with # of measures for each) — 汽车装配： 93 Auto assembly: 93 — 酿造： 45 Breweries: 45 — 水泥： 40 Cement: 40 — 玉米加 ： 95 Corn Refining: 95 — 食品加 ： 150 Food processing: 150 — 玻璃： 114 Glass: 114 — 石化： 100 Petrochemicals: 100 — 石油炼制： 90 Petroleum refining: 90 — 医药： 102 Pharmaceuticals: 102 — 纸浆和造纸（在进行中） Pulp and Paper (ongoing) 18
美国能源部 业技术项目 U. S. DOE Industrial Technologies Program • • 19 能源审计：“现在节能项目” Energy Audits: Save Energy Now Program — 完成 543个评价项目 543 assessments completed — 到 2008年 6月2日，452家 厂的报告如下： As of June 2, 2008, 452 plants have reported the following: • 确定的节约能源成本：超过7亿 6千6百万美元 Identified energy cost savings: more than $766 million • 实施的节能：超过1亿 1千3百万美元 Implemented energy savings: more than $113 million • 正在进行中的或预计中的节能措施：超过3亿 6百万美元 Energy savings measures underway or scheduled: more than $305 million • 每个审计所达到的节能： 250万美元 Amount saved per audit $2. 5 million • 总共降低潜在的CO 2排放量： 660万吨， 相当于120万辆车的排放量 Total potential carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions reduction: 6. 6 million metric tons—the equivalent to taking nearly 1. 2 million cars off the road
业(能源) 评估中心 U. S. DOE Industrial Assessment Centers • 由高校专家为基础组成的专业技术团队为符合条件的中小型企业提 供免费/无费能源评估服务 No-cost assessments provided to eligible small and mid-size plants by university-based teams • 将能源、消耗和生产能力相结合考虑，制定解决方案 Integrated approach considers energy, waste, and productivity 20
业(能源) 评估中心 U. S. DOE Industrial Assessment Centers • 依托公认的 程学院建立了26个评估中心 26 centers located at accredited engineering schools • 技术团队由教师和学生组成 Assessment teams include faculty and students • 评估 作通常需要实施为期一天的现场访问 Assessments usually entail a one-day site visit • 为学生提供良好的锻炼机会 Good training for students 21
美国能源部能源 具 U. S. Department of Energy Tools • Model the supply-side of a utility systems to identify efficiency improvement opportunities • Use plant-specific data • Evaluate the operational costs for various equipment configurations and system profiles • Provide estimates of potential savings gained from selected energy efficiency measures and calculates the associated simple payback periods 22 • 电力系统需求侧管理模式，以确 定提高能效机会 • 使用 厂自己的数据 • 评价不同设备和系统状况的运行 成本 • 提供预测的不同能效措施的节能 潜力和计算相关的简单回收期
美国能源部的能源 具 U. S. Department of Energy Tools — AIRMaster+ — Combined Heat and Power (CHP) — Fan System Assessment Tool (FSAT) — Motor. Master+ — NOx and Energy Assessment (Nx. EAT) — Process Heating Assessment and Survey Tool (PHAST) — Quick Plant Energy Profiler (PEP) — Steam Systems 23 — AIRMaster+ — 热电联产 — 风机系统评价 具 — 电机 — 氮氧化物和能源评价 — 艺热评价和调查 具 — 快速了解企业能源概况 — 蒸汽系统
荷兰能源环境署：中国的范例？ Senter. Novem: Model for China? • • • 24 荷兰能源环境署是一个政府机构，它的目标是将政府政策转化为实际结果 Senter. Novem is a government agency whose goal is to convert government policy into reality 一个重点领域就是能源和气候变化 One area of concentration is Energy and Climate Change 所提供的服务有： Services: — 获得并传播知识 Acquiring and disseminating knowledge — 建设并维护知识网络 Building and maintaining knowledge networks — 监测 Monitoring — 开发政策 具 Developing policy instruments — 为政策及其执行提供建议 Advising on policy and implementation — 实施补贴计划 Implementing subsidy schemes
荷兰能源环境署：中国的范例？ Senter. Novem: Model for China? • 25 • 项目 Projects: — 在中型和小型企业中进行对标和能源管理计划 — Benchmarking and Energy Management Schemes in Small and Medium. Sized Enterprises — 传播 “电动机挑战计划” 的结果 — Dissemination Results of the Motor Challenge Programme — 监督长期能效协议的执行 Overseeing the Long-Term Agreements • 列出能效技术的名单 Energy-efficient technologies list • 帮助制定节能计划 Assistance developing Energy Conservation Plans • 构建客户群体和知识网络 User groups and knowledge networks • 提供软件支持 具 Software support tools • 扩展主题：能效产品（包括生命周期）及纳入可回收能源 • Expansion themes: energy-efficient products (including life cycle) and incorporation of renewable energy — 能源管理系统 — Energy Management Systems
建议 Recommendations • 在提高 业能效方面，继续建立具有激励机制的政策和方案 • Continue to establish policies and programs that provide incentives for industrial energy efficiency — 差别定价，节能奖励，促销活动等 — Differential pricing, energy-saving rewards, promotions, etc. — 考虑对燃料或电进行收费，为能效改进项目提供资金 — Consider fuel or electricity charges to generate funds for energy efficiency programs — 新的想法可以在省级政策和项目上进行试点 — Provincial-level policies and programs can be pilots for new ideas • • 26 扩大能源审计和能源对标的容量和范围 Expand capacity for energy auditing and benchmarking 促进推广能源管理系统的使用 Promote the use of energy management systems
建议 Recommendations • • • 27 为 业能源效率建立一个集中的信息和培训中心 Establish a centralized source of information and training for industrial energy efficiency — 吸纳国际经验，案例和 具 — Incorporate international experience, case studies, tools — 传播国内（省级）经验和教训 — Spread domestic (provincial) experiences and lessons learned — 开发利用针对具体领域的资源 Develop sector-specific resources — 重点放在能量密集型及小型/中型企业上 — Focus on energy-intensive and small/medium sized enterprises — 建立一个中文/英文网站，提供信息，介绍国际上在提高 业能效方面的经验 — Develop a Chinese/English-language website to provide information on international experience with industrial energy efficiency 学习借鉴国际经验 Learn from international experience — 进行相关的研究考察和交流活动 Conduct study tours and exchanges — 在中国国内，通过国际项目进行合作 Coordinate with international programs within China 告诉世界中国的经历和所取得的成就 Inform the world about China’s experience and accomplishments
资料 Resources 28 • 荷兰能源环境署（Senter. Novem） The Netherlands’s Senter. Novem Agency for Energy and Environment http: //www. senternovem. nl/english/index. asp • 英国碳基金 UK’s Carbon Trust http: //www. carbontrust. co. uk/energy • 美国环保局 业能源之星 US EPA’s Energy Star for Industry http: //www. energystar. gov/index. cfm? c=industry. bus_industry • 美国能源部 业技术最佳实践项目 U. S. DOE Office of Industrial Technologies Best Practice Program http: //www 1. eere. energy. gov/industry/bestpractices/ • 美国能源部“现在节能”项目 U. S. DOE’s Save Energy Now www. eere. energy. gov/industry/saveenergynow • 美国能源部 业评价中心数据库 U. S. DOE Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) database http: //www. iac. rutgers. edu/database/
联系信息 For Further Information LBNL中国能源与环境研究网址： LBNL China Group Website: http: //china. lbl. gov LBNL 业终端用能分析网址： LBNL Industrial End Use Analysis Website: http: //industrial-energy. lbl. gov/ Lynn Price 中国能源与环境研究 能源分析处， 环境能源技术室 劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室 China Energy Group Energy Analysis Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90 R 4000 Berkeley, CA 94720 510 -486 -6519 LKPrice@lbl. gov 29
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