Industria 4 0 internazionalizzazione delle imprese e implicazioni

Industria 4. 0, internazionalizzazione delle imprese e implicazioni per lo sviluppo di nuove competenze Mario Volpe, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia CONVEGNO Fare impresa e trovare lavoro per il mercato globale Quali competenze e innovazioni? Sabato 15 dicembre 2018, ore 10. 30 Aula Magna Istituto Riccati-Luzzatti Piazza della Vittoria 3 -4, Treviso

Le “rivoluzioni” industriali 4. Industrial revolution Based on cyber-physicalsystems 3. Industrial revolution Through the use of electronics and IT further progression in autonomous production Introducing mass production lines powered by electric energy 1. Industrial revolution Introducing mechanical production machines powered by water and steam Industry 1. 0 End of the 18 th century. Industry 2. 0 Beginning of the 20 th century Industry 3. 0 Beginning of the 70 th Industry 4. 0 Today Source: DFKI/Bauer IAO Level of complexity 2. Industrial revolution

Componenti tecnologiche di Industry 4. 0 Autonomous Robots Big data analytics Augmented reality Simulation Industry 4. 0 Horizontal and vertical system integration Industrial Internet of Things Additive Mfg Cyber Security

I 4. 0 coinvolge tutti gli elementi della catena del valore

Impresa digitale

Implicazioni Robot Assisted production Predictive Maintenance Additive manufacturing of complex parts Machines as a service Big data drive quality control Production line simulation Smart supply network

Internazionalizzazione e Globalizzazione Teorie sul commercio e la crescita (Washington Consensus ? ) § § § Vantaggi comparati Product cycle Export growth Learning by doing Technology catch-up

Global Value Chain

Fruit and Vegetables Global Value Chain

Smile Curve

Background

Una ricerca di Ca’ Foscari 1. Knowledge and diffusion of digital technologies 2. Enabling factors – Human capital – Internationalization – Financial structure 3. Impact on firms’ performance – Productivity – Profitability – Distribution among stakeholders MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192. Robotics/automation Industrial Internet of Things Smart products 3 D printing Mixed reality Big data Virtualization of IT systems

Piano della ricerca 2016 Quest Resp 2017 Quest Resp Manufacturing 8. 010 633 Manufacturing 1. 074 1. 033 507 51 2. 810 207 Construction Tertiary Data source: Unioncamere Veneto Stat. Model: Panel 2007 -2016 Data source: CCIAA TV-BL Stat. Model: Logit Links with micro-data: - Human Capital – SILV - Export/Import – Istat-Unioncamere - Financial structure – AIDA MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192.

Conoscenza e adozione di tecnologie I 4. 0 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Knowledge Use Construction Knowledge Use Manufacturing Knowledge Tertiary Robotics Industrial Io. T Smart products 3 D printing Big data Mixed reality IT systems virtualization MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192. Use

Fattori abilitanti Human capital Manufacturing Construction Tertiary Total Digital users Digital nonusers No skilled High skilled Medium skilled Low skilled 12, 31% 24, 85% 16, 65% 46, 18% 10, 91% 21, 35% 16, 93% 50, 81% 10, 64% 31, 91% 21, 28% 36, 17% 16, 65% 14, 01% 13, 53% 55, 81% 0, 49% 62, 26% 34, 71% 2, 55% 3, 88% 30, 56% 54, 96% 10, 60% 10, 90% 29, 42% 18, 93% 40, 75% 10, 80% 21, 51% 19, 44% 48, 25% High school Degree No education Compulsory 45, 02% 14, 70% 1, 87% 38, 41% 42, 61% 8, 05% 2, 79% 46, 54% 45, 47% 15, 41% 2, 98% 36, 14% 30, 78% 4, 17% 5, 24% 59, 81% 56, 92% 38, 06% 0, 45% 4, 57% 49, 69% 34, 57% 1, 61% 14, 13% 46, 43% 17, 47% 1, 77% 34, 33% 42, 33% 9, 77% 2, 87% 45, 03% MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192.

Fattori abilitanti: capitale umano 80, 00% 70, 00% 60, 00% 50, 00% 40, 00% 30, 00% 20, 00% 10, 00% 75, 72% 24, 28% Crescita occupazionale Imprese che utilizzano il digitale Imprese che non utilizzano il digitale MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192. Dei 1149 posti di lavoro creati tra il 2012 -2014, 870 (75%) sono collegabili alle imprese che utilizzano tecnologie digitali

Fattori abilitanti Internationalization Export Construction Manufacturing Tertiary Import Digital users Digital non-users Digital users Digial non-users 30, 35% 73, 69% 8, 98% 8, 66% 58, 27% 3, 70% 48, 51% 57, 95% 5, 83% 10, 59% 47, 39% 8, 30% MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192.

Fattori abilitanti Performance & financial structure ROS ROE ROI Value added per employee (va) leverage (L) Net financial position (nfp) debt/equity Manufacturing Digital non users -users 6, 17% 4, 78% 13, 65% 14, 73% 15, 47% 15, 70% 65, 27 56, 45 1, 28% 1, 52% 4. 413 669 1, 03 0, 82 Construction Digital non users -users 5, 67% 1, 90% 19, 61% 8, 12% 6, 36% 1, 35% 73, 89 49, 98 2, 34% 1, 29% 11. 467 1. 919 0, 70 1, 80 MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192. Tertiary Digital non users -users 5, 75% 1, 79% 23, 71% 6, 92% 32, 04% 3, 86% 60, 62 65, 08 1, 17% 2, 07% 121 973 0, 47 1, 37

Fattori abilitanti • Digital users hanno maggiore produttività • …… usano più capitale proprio • …… redistribuiscono VA a favore del lavoro • ……. Ottengono maggiori rendimenti finanziari solo nel medio periodo MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192.

Fattori abilitanti Joint effect Financial robustness Productivity 7000 90 Closed firms 80 70 60 Internationalized Closed firms 6000 5000 Internationalized 50 4000 40 Internationalized + 3000 digital 2000 Internationalized + digital Internationalized + 1000 digital + human 0 capital Internationalized + digital + human capital 30 20 10 0 Value added per employee MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192. EBITDA

Implicazioni • Digital technologies as growth factor – Productivity – Openness and Profitability in medium-long run – Skills and Employment: human capital matters • Digital technologies affect location choices – Shrinking in off-shoring pressure – Positive impacts on re-shoring processes • Proper ecosystems need to boost the development and diffusion of new digital technologies – Supply chain – Local Innovation System – Global production and innovation networks MAKERS - Smart Manufacturing for EU growth and prosperity is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 -MSCA- RISE - Grant agreement number 691192.

Open Innovation

Robots working in Amazon WH 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 2013 2014 2015 2016

E i lavori di domani?

OECD Tool • • • The practical aspects of your job The social aspects of your job Changes in your workplace About you https: //oecd-futureofjobs. org

● ● ● New way to teach and to learn Technical and soft skills improvement Innovative way to transfer knowledge Sustainable way to accelerate ideas Creation of network for Collective impact https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=blr. P 5 -Sfc. YU