Indus River Valley A Harappa Two major cities

Indus River Valley

A. Harappa Two major cities 1. Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro B. Cities are great examples of urban planning. - City laid out in a grid - Underground sewer system C. Well organized Govt -Powerful leaders -skilled mathematicians

D. Farm & Trade - Most were farmers - wheat, barley, melon, dates - Merchants traded cotton cloth, grain, copper, pearls E. Written language can’t be translated - hard to learn about their civilization

F. Religion - Theocracy -Polytheistic -sacred animals(bulls) -Influence Indian Civilization G. The End - 1500 BC - Theories: 1. Earthquake & floods 2. Rivers dried up 3. Overplanting 4. Nomadic Invaders

Ancient Chinese River Valley

A. River Valley -Neolithic farmers form communities on the Huang He (Yellow) & Yangzi Rivers B. Dynasties - 1 st unproven-Xia Dynasty - 1 st proven-Shang Dynasty - a series of rulers from a single family

China & The Shang Dynasty 1700 B. C. - 1000 B. C C. Social Classes 1 Nobles - owned land - King’s warriors - ran villages 2. Peasants - whole family farmed. - soldiers

D. Religion -Polytheistic - Theocratic - Shang Di - main god -prayed to spirits of ancestors -Oracle Bones - fired bones kings used to answer question from the spirits

E. Religion cont. -Yin and Yang - Universe is a balance between 2 forces. -Yin - Earth, female darkness -Yang - Heaven, light, male

F. Writing -written word difficult -few could write -united an empire that spoke different languages G. Zhou Dynasty - overthrew the Shang in 1027 B. C. - set up feudalism Wu Wang Founding Emperor of Zhou Dynasty

A. Mandate of Heaven -allowed rulers to remain in power only as long as they were just & effective. B. Dynastic Cycle - the rise & fall of dynasties - ruled by the Mandate of Heaven C. Chinese history is recorded into periods based on dynasties - ruled until the early 1900 s

Chinese Achievements A. - Accurate Calendar - Bronze B. Books -1 st books under Zhou -written on Bamboo strips before inventions of paper C. Silk Making -valuable, only royalty could afford -China’s most valuable export -Silk Road - trade route linking China to the Middle East