Indonesia Dutch Colonialism Dutch East India Company 1602

Indonesia

Dutch Colonialism Dutch East India Company (1602)

Independence Day August 17, 1945 Sukarno declaring independence

Diversity and Unity

Diversity • What holds Indonesia Together? – Islam

Four Eras 1. 2. 3. 4. Parliamentary Democracy (1945 -1957) Guided Democracy (1957 -1965) The New Order (1965 -1998) Return to Democracy (Since 1998)

Eras 1 and 2: 1945 -1965 President Sukarno Balancing between the Military (right) and the Communists (PKI)

October 1965 Coup

Era 3: The New Order 1965 -1998 • President Suharto • Dwifungsi (Dual Function)

US Anti-Communist Ally (and eventually important trading partner)

Economics • Oil • 1986 begins economic reforms (East Asian Model) • A Tiger? • Or more than that? – A BRIC?

1997 East Asian Crisis Investment and GDP

GDP Growth

IMF Loan Signing

1998 Protests

Protests Become Riots after military response

Over 5, 000 Deaths

May 21, 1998, Suharto Resigns

Era 4: Democracy 1945 Constitution Executive Branch President Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Supreme Court

Legislative Branch People’s Representative Council/House of Representatives (DPR) 575 seats 5 year Terms Regional Representative Council (DPD) 136 seats (4 from each of the 34 provinces) 5 year terms People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR)

Secular Parties Indonesia Nas. Democratic Party of Struggle Left Center-Left Gerindra Democratic Party Center-Right Golkar

Islamist Parties (about 30% of DPR pre-2019 election) National Mandate Party Center-Right National Awakening Party United Development Party Right Prosperous Justice Party

Legislative Seats By Party (Pre-2019 election)

Judicial Branch Supreme Court Constitutional Court

Executive Branch President Vice President Cabinet Ministries

President Abdurrahman Wahid, 1999 -2001

President Megawati Sukarnoputri PDI-P, 2001 -2004

Pres. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) Democratic Party, 2004 -2014

Pres. Joko Widodo (PDI-P) (Jokowi) 2014 --

2019 Election April 17, 2019 To nominate a Presidential Candidate: – a party needs at least 25% of the popular vote in parliamentary elections—or 20% of the seats Incumbent Joko Widodo (PDI-P) Challenger Prabowo Subianto (Dem)

Key Issues • Pace of Economic Reform • Role of Religion in Government and Society – Conservative Islam Jokowi and Ma’ruf Amin 2019 Basuki Tjahaja Purnama “Ahok”