Individual Differences Individual Differences l Relatively stable enduring
Individual Differences
Individual Differences l Relatively stable & enduring characteristics unique to individuals – Height, body type, etc. – # of fast twitch muscle fibers l Affect the rate & potential for developing skill proficiency
Motor Abilities l Genetic traits l Cannot be modified thru practice l Prerequisite for skilled performance l Degree to which develop proficiency dependent on if possess necessary underlying abilities
Abilities & Skills l Inherited traits l Developed with practice l Stable & enduring l Modifiable l Few in number l Many in number l Underlie performance of many skills l Depend on different subsets
Capabilities l Characteristics subject to change as result of practice l Represent potential to excel in performance of task Multilimb Coordination Person A Person B
Categorizing Motor Abilities 11 Perceptual Motor Abilities l 9 Physical Abilities l All abilities may not be identified l – – Tracking Eye-Foot Coordination Dynamic Balance Static Balance yet
Perceptual Motor Abilities Control precision Ability to make highly Dribbling a controlled movement soccer ball adjustments Multi-limb Coordination Reaction Time Rate Control Ability to coordinate numerous limb movements simultaneously Ability to rapidly initiate a response Ability to make continuous speed and direction adjustments Spiking a volleyball Start in swimming race Mountain biking
Physical Proficiency Abilities Dynamic Strength Explosive Strength Ability to exert force repeatedly Rock Climbing Ability to create maximum effort by combining force & velocity Throwing a javelin Dynamic Flexibility Ability to make repeated, rapid flexing movements Springboard diving Gross Body Coordination Ability to coordinate numerous movements simultaneously while in motion Slalom Skiing
What do you think? l Can an individual have abilities but not be skilled? l Can an individual be skilled without ability?
Practical Application l Expect to see differences in patterns of people’s abilities l Individual pattern will facilitate better performance on some tasks rather than others l Ability pattern only one factor contributing to performance
Underlying Abilities Volleyball Spike l l l l Control Precision Multi-limb Coord. Rate Control Aiming Explosive Strength Trunk Strength Dynamic Flexibility
Skill Subsets
Task Analysis l Choose a skill l Perform task analysis l Determine underlying abilities required to achieve high degree proficiency
Perceptual Motor Abilities l l l Multilimb coordination Control precision Response orientation Reaction time Speed of arm movement Rate control Manual dexterity Finger dexterity Arm-hand steadiness Wrist/finger speed Aiming
Physical Proficiency Abilities l l l l Static strength Dynamic strength Explosive strength Trunk strength Extent flexibility Dynamic flexibility Gross body coordination Stamina
Predicting Future Performance l Possible? l Problems?
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