Individual Differences in Growth and Development of Children

● Individual Differences in Growth and Development of Children The influence of metabolism , hormones, the properties of bone, dietary life, nutrition, living and social environment make differences in growth and development of children. Source Figure; http: //ghw. pfizer. co. jp/gh/in/comedical/seityou 6_3. html

girl Adolescent Growth Spurt Standard Pattern of Height Growth Source Figure; http: //ghw. pfizer. co. jp/gh/in/comedical/seityou 1_1. html

● Factors influencing Height Growth 　 1. Parents Height at 6 years of age, average of parents height, Bone Age, and entering the puberty period influence children’s height growth. 2. Late Adolescence Makes Height Increase See next figure.

Late Adolescence Makes Height Increase Height(cm） boy average Early Adolescence Growth Late Height Adolescence Spurt Growth Height Spurt Age(year） Source Figure; http: //ghw. pfizer. co. jp/gh/in/comedical/seityou 1_3. html

● SD Score Standard Deviation（SD）shows how distribute the examples from the mean. Measured height data on many of the same age children have a normal distribution. See next figure. ● SD Score Method for the Evaluation of Height About 2. 3％ of the total number of children with height data of under -2 SD are considered to have growth disorders, such as growth hormone deficiency.

Normal Distribution of Height 68. 3% of all the people whose height is between -1 SD and +1 SD 95. 4% of all the people whose height is between -2 SD and +2 SD 2. 3% of all the people whose height is less than 2 SD Average Height low Height Average Height high low Height Source Figure; http: //ghw. pfizer. co. jp/gh/in/comedical/seityou 2_1. html high

● SD Score Equation height - average height SD Score = Standard Deviation（SD） Source Figure; http: //ghw. pfizer. co. jp/gh/in/comedical/seityou 6_2. html

　 ● Cross-Sectional Standard Growth Chart Evaluation of height growth on the same sex and age children. A child who has stopped growing or is growing more slowly than expected will often need an evaluation of height growth.

Cross-Sectional Standard Growth Chart Height(cm） boy average Height Weight(Kg） average Weight Age(year） Source Figure; http: //ghw. pfizer. co. jp/gh/in/comedical/seityou 2_3. html Data in 2000

●Importance of Early Detection for Disorders Growth 1. Poor growth may be the first sign of a problem in some diseases. 2. Early diagnosis and treatment of some conditions may help children achieve a more typical adult height. 3. Child neglect or abuse may also be associated with failure to grow.

Case of Growth Hormone Deficiency（one girl） Height(cm） average AGE(year） Growth in Height shows down at point A Source Figure; http: //ghw. pfizer. co. jp/gh/in/comedical/seityou 3_2. html

● Growth hormone deficiency is a disorder that involves the pituitary gland (the small gland at the base of the brain that secretes several hormones, including growth hormone). A damaged or malfunctioning pituitary gland may not produce enough hormones for normal growth.

● Rohrer Index ＝weight (kg)/（ height (cm)3）ｘ 107 ● Rohrer index ＝weight (kg)/（ height (m)3）ｘ 10 Rohrer index Useful to calculate the obesity level of children

● Rohrer Index Severely Underweight under １００ Underweight １０１〜１１５ Normal Weight １１６〜１４４ Overweight １４５〜１５９ Obese over １６０

● Rohrer Index ex. height : 135 cm, weight : 30 kg Rohrer index ＝ 30÷ 1. 353× 10 ＝ 30/2. 46× 10 ＝ 122（Normal Weight）