INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR AND PERCEPTION INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR Means some

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR AND PERCEPTION

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR • Means some concrete action by a person • The process of human behaviour is regarded as a stimulus-response process • Individual behaviour is affected by group, family and society within which one functions.

Factors affecting Individual behaviour • Personal Factors- Gender, age, education, abilities • Psychological Factors- Personality, Perception, Attitudes, Values, Learning • Environmental factors- Economic conditions, political situations, cultural values, social norms • Organizational factors- Physical facilities, organizational structure, organizational design, leadership styles, reward system

MEANING Perception A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. • People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. • The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.

• Perception is the cognitive process. In terms of S-O-B-C Model, perception is the cognitive process which involves the (O)organism selecting, organizing and interpreting the (S) Stimulus, Behavior(B), (C)consequences. • Thus, Perception is the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting or attaching meaning to the events happening in the environment.

• Perceptual Process Selecting Stimuli External factors : Nature, Receiving Stimuli (External & Internal) Location, Size, contrast, Movement, repetition, similarity Internal factors : Learning, needs, age, Interest, Interpreting Organizing Response Attitudes , Motivation, Feeling Behavior 7 Organizational Behavior / Perception

Factors influencing perception A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made. 8 Organizational Behavior / Perception

Factors That Influence Perception

Perceptual Errors/Shortcuts Selective Perception • Is the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs. aabaaa aabba aaaa aaa

Stereotyping When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he belongs. Projection Tendency to attribute one’s own characteristics to other people. Halo effect When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristics as intelligence, sociability or appearance a halo effect is operating.

Managerial and behavioural applications of perception • • • Selection of employees Interpersonal working relationships Performance appraisal Delegation of authority Organizational change