Indias Empires Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will

India’s Empires Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce you to India’s early empires. You will learn about the rulers and cultures of the Maurya and Gupta empires. Section 1: The Maurya Empire Section 2: The Gupta Empire Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires my. Story Emperor Ashoka and the Gift of Dirt How long had Ashoka been Maurya emperor before he waged war against Kalinga? What made Ashoka question his wisdom in waging the battle? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires my. Story Emperor Ashoka and the Gift of Dirt How did Ashoka first learn about Buddhism? What was the monks’ legend about the gift of dirt? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires my. Story Emperor Ashoka and the Gift of Dirt How was the battle of Kalinga a turning point for Ashoka? What is dharma, according to this story? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires my. Story Emperor Ashoka and the Gift of Dirt Identify five actions of Ashoka after he turned to Buddhism. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires my. Story How are religion and culture connected? Describe or give examples of elements of your local culture. Then note whether and how religion influences these elements. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Why would it be important for a ruler to gain control of Magadha? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Academic Vocabulary welfare—n. , well-being, comfort, prosperity Adding an entrance ramp to the office building improved the welfare of employees in wheelchairs. assure—v. , promise, convince Toby assured his mother that he would drive carefully. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Key Ideas Chandragupta used military strategy to unite much of India for the first time. Chandragupta developed a bureaucracy, a tax system, and a system of spies to help rule his empire. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Key Ideas The emperor Ashoka turned from war to peace, promoted the growth of Buddhism, and encouraged morality among his subjects. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Key Terms strategy—long-term plan for achieving a goal province—region with its own government within a country Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Key Terms bureaucracy—system of offices that carries out government rules and regulations subjects—people under a ruler’s control tolerance—willingness to respect different beliefs and customs Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Chandragupta Unites India Chandragupta Maurya was the first to unite India’s many kingdoms into one empire— the Maurya. A brilliant military leader, Chandragupta was guided by a Brahmin named Kautilya. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire What was Chandragupta’s strategy for gaining power? Chandragupta’s Steps to Success One Two Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Three Four

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Ruling an Empire Chandragupta divided his large empire into four regions further divided into smaller provinces. A bureaucracy of appointed officials in each region, province, and village carried out his orders. Taxes supported the army and the emperor’s costly lifestyle. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Chandragupta feared his enemies. What actions did he take to safeguard his life? Chandragupta Protects Himself Against Enemies Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Ruling an Empire Chandragupta’s subjects had no right to privacy or freedom of speech. Kautilya’s book Arthashastra advised Chandragupta to protect his people, but also to do whatever was necessary to keep power. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Ruling an Empire According to the Arthashastra, what made a ruler good? Why do you think Kautilya said that people cannot be trusted? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Ashoka Turns to Peace Ashoka, Chandragupta’s grandson, fought his brothers to become third Maurya emperor. After a terrible war against the kingdom of Kalinga, Ashoka turned to Buddhism. He replaced rule by force with rule based on dharma, or moral law. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire What three principles were included in Ashoka’s rule of moral law? Three Principles of Ashoka’s Rule Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Ashoka Turns to Peace To share his ideas, Ashoka had stone pillars, or columns, set up across his empire. Ashoka had messages carved on the pillars and rocks in which he assured his subjects that he was focused on their well-being. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire What did Ashoka’s messages urge the people to do? Ashoka’s New Goals Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire How did Ashoka’s support for Buddhism help the religion spread? • • Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Buddhism Expands

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire Ashoka’s Aftermath Ashoka ruled India for nearly 40 years. During that time, he did much to improve life for his people. After Ashoka died in 232 B. C. , the Maurya empire declined. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire In what ways did Ashoka improve the well-being of his subjects? Ashoka’s Achievements Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Maurya Empire What impact did religion have on the Maurya empire? Impact of Religion • • Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Which Late Gupta numerals look most similar to those numerals we use today? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Academic Vocabulary drama—n. , plays or performances that tell stories Julio enjoys performing dramas because he has always liked a good story. extract—v. , remove, draw out To avoid future dental problems, many people have their wisdom teeth extracted. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Key Ideas The Gupta dynasty created the second major Indian empire. The Guptas ruled an India that made advances in the arts, science, and mathematics, including our modern system of numerals. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Key Terms citizenship—a status with political rights and obligations numeral—a symbol used to represent a number Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Key Terms decimal system—a counting system based on units of ten metallurgy—the science that deals with extracting metal from ore and using it to create useful objects Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire A New Empire in India After the Maurya empire fell, India broke into small, warring kingdoms. These kingdoms traded with China, Southeast Asia, and the Roman empire. After 500 years, northern India was united again into one empire—the Gupta. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Who were the first three Gupta rulers, and what areas did they conquer? First Gupta Rulers Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire A New Empire in India The Gupta empire reached its greatest size under Chandra Gupta II. Like Ashoka, Chandra Gupta II tried to bring peace and prosperity to India. Instead of trying to rule their entire empire directly, the Guptas allowed local leaders to make decisions. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire A New Empire in India What people served on the council in villages? What are guilds? Why were guilds important to city government? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire A New Empire in India People living in the Maurya and Gupta empires were subjects, with a duty to obey the emperor. Yet some people in the Gupta empire also had a kind of citizenship, with political rights and obligations. The last Gupta ruler died around A. D. 540. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire A Rich Culture Literature, painting, architecture, and other culture flourished under the Guptas. Much of the art was religious. Although Buddhism remained important, the Guptas favored Hinduism. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire What three forms of literature flourished around the time of the Guptas? Gupta Literature Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire A Rich Culture The greatest writer of the time was the poet and playwright Kalidasa. Dancers created works based on Hindu literature. Musicians played stringed instruments and drums. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire A Rich Culture Drama often combined dance, music, and stories. The game of chess was invented under the Guptas and spread to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Artisans created beautiful Hindu and Buddhist temples, monasteries, and sculptures. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Mathematics and Science Gupta scholars developed the concept of zero, the decimal system, and numerals that we use today. With the new Indian system of numerals and the decimal system, operations such as multiplication and division became much easier. Aryabhata was an important Indian astronomer and mathematician. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire What mathematical and astronomical discoveries did Aryabhata make? Aryabhata’s Discoveries Mathematics Astronomy • • • Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Mathematics and Science Indian doctors developed a system of medicine known as Ayurveda. Ayurvedic medical textbooks described diseases, medicines, and treatments. Gupta artisans improved metallurgy and produced high-quality metal compounds. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Mathematics and Science What advances in medicine did Indian doctors make? Why would producing metals of great purity be considered an important skill by Gupta rulers? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire The Gupta Legacy Gupta Achievements Emperors and Their Achievements in Arts and Literature Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Achievements in Math and Astronomy Achievements in Medicine and Metallurgy

India’s Empires The Gupta Empire Which aspects of Gupta civilization were connected to religion? Which were not? Gupta Civilization Religion influenced… Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Religion did not influence…